Int. J. Automation and Control, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2020 445 Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Design of backstepping LQG controller for blood glucose regulation in type I diabetes patient Akshaya Kumar Patra*, Anuja Nanda and Pravat Kumar Rout Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ITER, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India Email: hiakp@yahoo.com Email: anuja.sus@gmail.com Email: pkrout_india@yahoo.com *Corresponding author Abstract: The mechanisation of the insulin infusion regulation through the artificial pancreas (AP) is needed to design with an objective to control the blood glucose (BG) level in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. However, to make it applicable in real time, major components needed are availability of proper sensor augmented pumps, glucose monitoring systems, and control techniques. Recent times many researchers suggest robust control techniques for designing a robust controller for computing the required insulin dose for a highly nonlinear human metabolism system. This paper proposes a simulation model of glucose metabolism process and design of a backstepping linear quadratic Gaussian controller (BLQGC) to control the BG level in TIDM patients. The simulations are carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the results indicate comparatively better control ability of the proposed algorithm to control the BG concentration within the range of normoglycaemia in terms of accuracy, stability, quick damping and robustness. Keywords: type I diabetes; artificial pancreas; AP; micro-insulin dispenser; MID; linear quadratic regulator; LQR; backstepping control. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Patra, A.K., Nanda, A. and Rout, P.K. (2020) ‘Design of backstepping LQG controller for blood glucose regulation in type I diabetes patient’, Int. J. Automation and Control, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp.445–468. Biographical notes: Akshaya Kumar Patra is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research (ITER), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India. He received his PhD degree in Biomedical Engineering from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India in 2018. His main research includes control systems, robust control and biomedical engineering. Anuja Nanda is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research (ITER), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India. She received her MTech degree from ‘SOA’ University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, in 2009. Her main research includes control systems, robust control, and image processing.