Paper ID: International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing and Process Engineering (ICMMPE – 2022) Organizer: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh Website: https://icmmpeduet.com/ Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Biocompatible Materials Magnesium Alloy for Male Femoral Bone Fracture Mehedhi Hasan 1 , H. M. Mobarak 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sonargaon University, Green Road, Panthapath 1205, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2747, NSW, Australia E-mail: mobarak.hossain@westernsydney.edu.au ABSTRACT Bone fracture is a common medical problem with a long history as the history of human living. The best definition for a bone fracture will be the loss of bone continuity due to the sudden impact, falling, accident, sports injuries, and many other reasons. Metal plates are highly recommended for the healing process and include some biocompatibility and stress shielding problems. However, metal plates susceptibility to corrosion and the effect of corrosion on the tissue are critical factors of biocompatibility. Therefore, biocompatibility is frequently taken into account when selecting materials for medical use. This research has been analyzed magnesium alloy mechanical properties to find the best suitable biocompatible materials for bone fracture. Magnesium alloy has been chosen considering biocompatibility and mechanical integrity. A three-dimensional male femur bone finite element model was simulated to analyze strain, stress, and deformation. The femur bone supports most of the human body's weight and has a more high impact area that is likely to fracture. The male femur bone properties and structural steel has been used to compare the results. Results showed that magnesium alloy is better than structural steel and similar to bone materials. The stress of the two materials are similar, but strain and deformation are different. The results of the magnesium alloy have been found deformation of 9.773 mm, the stress of 145.51 MPa, and the strain of 0.0036356 mm/mm. The structural steel results have been found deformation of 2.1979 mm, the stress of 140.9 MPa, and strain of 0.00079089 mm/mm. Therefore, magnesium alloy will allow the bone to be exposed to the appropriate amount of stress. So, the magnesium alloy would be the best alternative and most incredible option owing to biocompatibility and mechanical integrity. Keywords: Biocompatibility; Bone fracture; Femoral Bone, Magnesium alloy. 1. INTRODUCTION Bone is the strongest part of the human body. It supports vital organs and keeps them safe. The femur bone is the strongest due to high bone density—however, it fractures due to extreme stress or a disease that weakens the bones. Bone fracture is a vital issue, and the healing process might be challenging at times. Bone is responsible for providing the body with strength, structure, and health. Bone consistently adapts its structure around the biological environment accordingly to chemical stimuli [1]. Usually, bone is two compact (cortical) and spongy (trabecular) structures. They can be found in various locations throughout the body, but they all serve distinct purposes. The compact (cortical) bone is exceedingly dense, forming the outer shell that gives the bone its strength and structure. The spongy (trabecular) kind of bone has a porous, light look responsible for energy absorption and load dispersion. Bone fracture repair is a complicated procedure since it must consider the afflicted bone's characteristics and location. Proper structural and functional reconstruction of bone repair, regeneration, non-union repairs, and bone defects must be investigated [2]. Bone grafting, casting (self-healing process), metal rods, crews, plates, electrical stimulation, and physiotherapy have all been used in the past to restore bones. As previously stated, autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic bone materials are all utilized to treat bone fractures [3]. Recent research has demonstrated that autografting improve patient therapy and recovery, even though accessible bone donors are restricted. Autografting's adverse effects are problematic since it slows down the rehabilitation process and requires more time in the hospital [4]. Magnesium alloy and titanium alloy are biocompatible materials that have been used for bone replacement and fractures in the medical field. Magnesium is an excellent choice because of its lightweight, low density, and inexpensive. Because of their mechanical strength and fracture toughness are regarded as the lightest material for load-bearing applications [5]. Faulty surgical implants have spawned a competition to identify the best bone grafting option. The ideal bone graft or scaffold for bone tissue engineering should meet all of the following criteria: biocompatibility, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteogenic, degradable, and have the same mechanical characteristics as the local bone for structural integrity [6].