Citation: Feijo, F.M.C.; Fernandes, F.d.C.; Alves, N.D.; Pimenta, A.S.; Santos, C.S.; Rodrigues, G.S.d.O.; Pereira, A.F.; Benicio, L.D.M.; Moura, Y.B.F. Efficiency of Pyroligneous Extract from Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) as an Antiseptic in Cats (Felis catus) Subjected to Ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Animals 2022, 12, 2325. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ani12182325 Academic Editor: Mandy Paterson Received: 19 May 2022 Accepted: 30 August 2022 Published: 7 September 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). animals Article Efficiency of Pyroligneous Extract from Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) as an Antiseptic in Cats (Felis catus) Subjected to Ovariosalpingohysterectomy Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijo 1, * , Fernando da Costa Fernandes 1 , Nilza Dutra Alves 1 , Alexandre Santos Pimenta 2 , Caio Sergio Santos 1 , Gardenia Silvana de Oliveira Rodrigues 1 , Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira 3 , Leon Denner Moreira Benicio 1 and Yasmin Beatriz França Moura 3 1 Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil 2 Agricultural Sciences Academic Unit, Forest Sciences Graduate Program—PPGCFL, Forest, Bioenergy and Environment Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte—UFRN, Natal 59078-970, Brazil 3 Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid Region—UFERSA, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil * Correspondence: marlon@ufersa.edu.br; Tel.: +55-(84)-98864-1017 Simple Summary: The pyroligneous extract from Mimosa tenuiflora was used as an antiseptic in cats. The objective of this study was to analyze the action of 20% pyroligneous extract from M. tenuiflora as an antiseptic for surgical wounds of cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy. In addition to the absence of cytotoxicity, the number of bacteria was reduced after treatment. Tissue dehiscence, hyperemia, edema, crust, and secretions were not observed. Thus, the pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora has potential as a natural antiseptic alternative. Abstract: Pyroligneous extract of Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poiret) was evaluated for its efficacy as a cutaneous antiseptic in cats (Felis catus) that were subjected to ovariosalpingohys- terectomy. For this purpose, 30 cats without a defined breed were sterilized and divided into two groups. The first group was the positive control, treated with 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, and the second group was treated with 20% pyroligneous extract of M. tenuiflora. Regardless of age and sex, all animals had visible healing at similar times. A significant reduction in bacterial growth was observed in animals treated with the extract, and no cytotoxicity was observed in the feline epithelial cells. In addition, surgical wounds of cats treated with M. tenuiflora extract exhib- ited improved healing. On agar plates, treatment with both chlorhexidine and M. tenuiflora extract resulted in the inhibition zones for all bacterial strains isolated from surgical wounds. Therefore, M. tenuiflora extract is demonstrated to have antiseptic effects on the surgical wounds of cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Keywords: medicinal plants; antimicrobials; antiseptics; sterilized 1. Introduction Brazil is in a privileged position in terms of biodiversity, comprising several biomes which includes Caatinga [1]. The Caatinga biome is in north-eastern Brazil, covering an extensive area, and is composed of a rich biodiversity of native plants with antimicrobial properties [2,3] due to their phytochemical components [4]. The use of plants for therapeutic purposes is one of the oldest forms of medicinal practices [5]. In the decade 2010–2020, there was an increase in the use of alternative therapeutic practices supported by policies, particularly the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines. Ethnobotanical studies have mainly focused on plant species traditionally used for therapeutic applications [6]. Previously, research on the use of pyroligneous Animals 2022, 12, 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182325 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals