Magnolia brasiliensis (Magnoliaceae), a new species and new record for the Northeastern region of Brazil CECÍLIA OLIVEIRA DE AZEVEDO 1 ,LUCAS CARDOSO MARINHO 2 , ANDERSON FERREIRA PINTO MACHADO 3 ,FRANK ARROYO 4 , AND J. ANTONIO VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA 5 1 Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Estrada do Bem-Querer, Km 4, s/n, Bairro Universitário, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45083-900, Brazil; e-mail: cazevedo@uesb.edu.br 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036-900, Brazil 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58 Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil 4 Herbario MOL, Universidad Agraria La Molina, Av. La Universidad, s/n, La Molina, Lima, Peru 5 Instituto de Botánica (Herbario IBUG), Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCBA, Las Agujas, Zapopan, km 15, carretera, Guadalajara-Nogales, Jalisco, Mexico Abstract. A new species of Magnolia is described for the flora of Brazil, based on material from Bahia and Minas Gerais states. This species represents the first record of Magnoliaceae in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Magnolia brasiliensis differs from all other Brazilian species of Magnolia by having adaxially glossy leaves and differs from M. ovata by having a lower number of stamens and carpels. Despite its large extent of occurrence, the conservation status attributed to the new species is Endangered, mainly based on the low number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (< 50) and an area of occupancy of less than 16 km 2 . Keywords: Conquista plateau, semideciduous seasonal forest, Espinhaço Range, South America, Talauma. Magnoliaceae comprises two subfamilies: Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae. The delimitation of genera, subgenera and sections in the family is not yet a consensus among the authors. Figlar & Nooteboom (2004) recognize only two genera for the family: Liriodendron L and Magnolia L. All genera of Magnoliaceae, except Liriodendron, have been merged within Magnolia (Figlar, 2000; Nooteboom, 2000; Figlar & Nooteboom, 2004). Molecular studies have shown that the Neotrop- ical Talauma Juss. (= Magnolia section Talauma, subsection Talauma) forms a basal clade of Magnolioideae (Nie et al., 2008; Kim & Suh, 2013). The subsection Talauma is morphologically characterized by the stipules adnate to the petiole and carpels with circumscissile dehiscenc (Figlar & Nooteboom, 2004). Kim & Suh ( 2013) recognized Talauma as a section of Magnolia, however, in their analysis the subsection did not form a monophyletic clade. The Brazilian Flora Group (BFG, 2015) recog- nized only two species of Magnoliaceae native to Brazil: M. amazonica (Ducke) Govaerts, which in Brazil is restricted to the Northern region, and M. ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng., which is wide- spread in Brazil except in the Northeastern region. A third species, M. paranaensis A. Vázquez, was recently described from Paraná state, and is con- fined to this state in the Southern region (Vázquez-García et al., 2013). For delimitation of the geographical regions of Brazil see IBGE (2017). Here we present the description of yet another new species of Magnolia, this one from Bahia and Minas Gerais. Its publication extends the Brittonia, DOI 10.1007/s12228-018-9529-1 ISSN: 0007-196X (print) ISSN: 1938-436X (electronic) © 2018, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A.