Civil Engineering and Architecture 9(6): 1698-1716, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090604
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of
Geopolymer Binder Based on Umeanyar
Slatestone Powder
Ni Kadek Astariani
1,2,*
, I Made Alit Karyawan Salain
3
, I Nyoman Sutarja
3
, Ida Bagus Rai Widiarsa
3
1
Doctoral Program Engineering Science, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Science and Technology, Ngurah Rai of University, Denpasar, Indonesia
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Udayana University, Badung, Indonesia
Received June 12, 2021; Revised July 12, 2021; Accepted August 22, 2021
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Ni Kadek Astariani, I Made Alit Karyawan Salain, I Nyoman Sutarja, Ida Bagus Rai Widiarsa , "Mechanical
Properties and Microstructure of Geopolymer Binder Based on Umeanyar Slatestone Powder," Civil Engineering and
Architecture, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 1698-1716, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090604.
(b): Ni Kadek Astariani, I Made Alit Karyawan Salain, I Nyoman Sutarja, Ida Bagus Rai Widiarsa (2021). Mechanical
Properties and Microstructure of Geopolymer Binder Based on Umeanyar Slatestone Powder. Civil Engineering and
Architecture, 9(6), 1698-1716. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090604.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract This research focuses on the mechanical and
microstructure properties of geopolymer binder with
slatestone waste as the base material. This geopolymer
binder comes from industrial waste crushing slate in the
Umeanyar area. This waste is processed into stone powder
(USSP) which contains SiO
2
(49%), Al
2
O3 (11%), CaO
(11.2%). This USSP uses a sodium hydroxide (SS)
activator with a concentration of 14 M. The proportion of
the mixture of precursor and activator (P/A) is 70%: 30%;
75%: 25%; 80%: 20% and alkaline activator Na
2
SiO
3
:
NaOH (SS/SH) of 1:1; 1.5:1; 2:1, by weight. Samples of
specimens were made in the form of a cube with a side of
50 mm and tested at the age of 7 and 28 days. Mechanical
properties tested include density and compressive strength
based on ASTM-C39. Meanwhile, the microstructural
analysis used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning
Electronic Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray
(SEM-EDX) analysis. The results of the density test were
1.90g/cm
3
and 1.85g/cm
3
respectively and the compressive
strength test results were 7.40 MPa and 12.73 MPa at the
age of 7 and 28 days, respectively.
Keywords Compressive Strength, Density,
Microstructure, Geopolymer Binder, Slatestone,
SEM-EDX, XRD
1. Introduction
Concrete is one of the materials needed in the
construction sector. The constituent materials of concrete
generally consist of cement, aggregate, and water, if
necessary there are materials added to change certain
properties of the concrete [1]. The use of Portland cement
as a concrete-forming material, in its production, requires
a very large amount of energy due to heating to a
temperature of 1500°C [2-9]. The cement-forming
materials consist of limestone (CaCO
3
), silica sand/clay
(SiO
2
and Al
2
O
3
), and iron oxide (Fe
2
O
3
). These raw
materials are processed through heating and calcination to
release carbon dioxide gas (CO
2
) which is the main
contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere
[10]. The product in the form of granules in the form of
gray marbles with a diameter of about 2 cm is called
Portland cement clinker The production of each tonne of
cement clinker including its fuel is almost equivalent to
one ton of CO
2
gas released into the atmosphere [2,5]. In
recent years, the world's cement production has been
recorded at 4 billion tons per year, which means about 4
billion tons of CO
2
gas has been released into the
atmosphere every year [9,10]. With the results of CO
2
gas
emissions that are quite large and have harmed the
environment, the mitigation action that can be taken is to
reduce the use of cement in the manufacture of concrete.