Research Article Bone Mass Loss and Sarcopenia in Ecuadorian Patients M. Intriago, 1 G. Maldonado , 1 R. Guerrero, 1 O. D. Messina, 2 and C. Rios 1 1 Universidad Esp´ ıritu Santo, Km 2.5 V´ ıa La Puntilla, Samborond´ on, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2 General Hospital, Pi y Margall 750, C1155AHD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Correspondence should be addressed to G. Maldonado; genesismaldonadovelez92@gmail.com Received 25 July 2019; Revised 4 February 2020; Accepted 11 February 2020; Published 17 March 2020 Academic Editor: F.R. Ferraro Copyright © 2020 M. Intriago et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. An intimate relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia has been established. At present, there are few epidemiological studies about osteosarcopenia due to the recent use of this term, especially in Latin America. Objective. To study the association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia and determine the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in patients who attended a rheumatology center in Ecuador. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of patients who had a densitometric study. e diagnosis of sarcopenia was determined by the DXA standard gold test, screening, and conventional methods (bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, SARC-F, muscle function, and gait test). Results. A total of 92 patients were studied. e median age was 66 ± 10, 90% females. Using the criteria of SMI, 65% had sarcopenia of which 9% had only sarcopenia and 56% had osteosarcopenia; 22% had only osteopenia/osteoporosis; and 13% none of these conditions. e prevalence of sarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 60%, gait speed 45%, and SARC-F score 40%. e prevalence of osteosarcopenia according to handgrip strength was 51%, gait speed 34%, and SARC-F score 32%. Osteoporosis was associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia using the criteria of SMI since 40% had sarcopenia in the normal DXA group, 64% in the osteopenia group, and 76% in the osteoporosis group (p � 0.017). Of the women, 69% had sarcopenia compared to 33% of the men (p � 0.034). e BMI was lower in the group with sarcopenia (25.1 ± 4.1kg/m 2 ) compared to the group without sarcopenia (29.4 ± 4.1kg/m 2 , p < 0.001). Patients with osteosarcopenia and sarcopenia had lower BMI, handgrip strength, ASM, SMI, and total-body skeletal muscle mass than those with osteopenia/osteoporosis or normal patients. Conclusion. 65% of the studied population had sarcopenia. It is clear that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with greater loss of bone mass. Identifying pathways that affect both bone and muscle could facilitate the development of treatments that simultaneously improve osteoporosis and sarcopenia. 1. Introduction e aging process is associated with concomitant loss of bone and muscle which increases the risk of falls and fractures and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increases the use of resources. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients and generate costs that reach $25 billion [1]. Likewise, sarcopenia affects the mobility of patients and is related to a higher rate of disability, frailty, and hospitalizations, resulting in costs around $18 billion [2]. e term osteo- sarcopenia was recently proposed to describe the coexistence of both conditions in the same patient [3]. It has been shown that this combination represents an even greater risk of these results than any of the conditions alone [4]. Several theories have been proposed to explain the close relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia. e mechanostatic hypothesis describes the mechanical effects of muscle load on bone function, which provides a direct stimulus that promotes osteogenesis [5]. On the contrary, during the last decade, it has been shown that the interaction betweenboneandmuscleisnotonlyduetoitscontiguitybut also by different signals that regulate its growth and adap- tation. In this way, it is postulated that there is a paracrine and endocrine communication between both tissues through the action of different growth factors, hormones, and inflammatory mediators [6]. At present, there are few epidemiological studies about osteosarcopenia due to the recent use of this term. Fahimfar et al. [7] found a prevalence of osteosarcopenia of 34% in Hindawi Journal of Aging Research Volume 2020, Article ID 1072675, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1072675