How ephapticity can explain brain complexity? A brief report Gustavo Zampier dos Santos Lima 1,2 , Gabriel Moreno Cunha 1 1 Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Science and Technology, 59078-970, Brazil 2 Universit´ e Lyon, Institut Camille Jordan, 69100 Villeurbanne, France Abstract. What is the origin of the high brain complexity that explains the deep intricacies and refined levels of cognitive integration in the brain to form, for example, memory and consciousness? Recent neuroscience research has sparked excitement, asking how the brain generates highly complex dynamics, emergent patterns, and sophisticated oscillation signals. In this engaging context, our study, in line with contemporary research, boldly posits that ephaptic communication may emerge as a prime candidate for illuminating neuronal complexity. Using a small-word net- work neural model, this essay enthusiastically clarify that ephaptic coupling significantly amplifies complexity under specific conditions, considering variables such as time scale and synaptic strength. These output offer exciting new insights into the balance of nervous system communications and underscore the fundamental role of ephapticity in orchestrating complex brain functions. Consequently, lasties researchers fervently contributes to advancing a deeper understanding of the intricate and complex dynamics inherent in brain activities. Keywords: Ephaptic Coupling, Multiscale Entropy, Brain Complexity, Neuronal network. *Gustavo Zampier dos Santos Lima, gustavo.zampier@ufrn.br The brain, conceived as a sophisticated system, witnesses the emergence of mental states through interactions that span multiple physical and functional levels. 1, 2 This complexity is re- flected in the human mind, an intricate phenomenon that develops under the structural complexities of the brain. 3, 4 However, the precise nature of the relationship between mind and brain remains elusive, awaiting a complete understanding. The brain’s structure spans multiple temporal and spatial scales, giving rise to elaborate neural and cellular phenomena that collectively constitute the physical basis of cognition. 5, 6 Both in spatial and temporal dimensions, brain organization ex- hibits similar patterns at various resolutions, revealing itself in the distribution of cells throughout the brain. 7, 8 This intrinsic connection between brain architecture, function, and structure highlights the complexity underlying brain operations as observed in Fig.1. An integrative overview of network approaches to neuroscience explores the origins of brain 1