SEASONALITY AND THE ALGEBRA OF FOOD PREFERENCES
REVEALED THROUGH PRODUCT CONCEPTS
H.R. MOSKOWITZ
1,3
and J. BECKLEY
2
1
Moskowitz Jacobs Inc.
1025 Westchester Ave., White Plains, NY 10604
2
The Understanding and Insight Group
3 Rosewood La., Suite 103, Denville, NJ
Accepted for Publication March 17, 2008
ABSTRACT
Four sets of respondents participated in conjoint studies designed to
identify the statements that drive ratings of “craveability.” Two studies dealt
with chocolate candy, two studies dealt with ice cream. Each conjoint study
comprised 36 elements combined into 60 unique combinations and was run on
the Internet. Both pairs of conjoint analysis studies were run first in the summer
and then in the winter, among separate groups of respondents. For the total
panel, the utility values for the individual concept elements were quite similar
by season, suggesting no seasonality effects. Segmentation of respondents into
groups based upon patterns of utilities revealed three segments: “Elaborates”
(responsive evocative phrases about the food), “Classics” (responsive to state-
ments about the food in the traditional sense) and “Imaginers” (responsive to
other features such as emotion and brand). Only “Imaginers” showed a strong
and intuitively appropriate effect of season. “Elaborates” and “Classics”
showed slight, counter intuitive seasonality effects.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Food preferences deal with food, as well as the context in which it is
eaten. This paper presents the utility values of different statements about a
food as revealed in a conjoint study, and possibly, as influenced by seasonality.
Food preferences have to be reconsidered, to incorporate the seasonality and
other values surrounding food, e.g., ambience, emotion, brand, etc.
One of the key outcomes of this study is the repeatability of the results
across seasons for different respondents. The results are sufficiently robust to
3
Corresponding author. TEL: 914-421-7408; FAX: 914-428-8364; EMAIL: mjihrm@sprynet.com
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2008.00195.x
Journal of Sensory Studies 24 (2009) 58–77.
© 2009, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 58