~ 83 ~ International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2018; 4(2): 83-85 ISSN Print: 2394-7489 ISSN Online: 2394-7497 IJADS 2018; 4(2): 83-85 © 2018 IJADS www.oraljournal.com Received: 12-02-2018 Accepted: 16-03-2018 Rakesh J Gogiya First Year Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Manoj G Chandak Head of Department and Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Richa R. Modi First Year Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Purva Bhutda Second Year Post Graduate student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Sneha Kela Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Rakhi M Chandak Head of Department and Professor, Department of oral Medicine and Radiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra India Correspondence Rakesh J Gogiya First Year Post Graduate Student, Department of conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra India Magnification in dentistry: A review Rakesh J Gogiya, Manoj G Chandak, Richa R Modi, Purva Bhutda, Sneha Kela and Rakhi M Chandak Abstract Dentistry has become more sophisticated and complex thus requiring precised motor skills and visual acuity. Optical magnification has expanded the horizons of dentistry. In past decades, dentistry has not only evolved clinically but the histological aspects has also played an important part in the development of new materials as well as helped in better evaluation of treatment procedures. Microscope was initially started in ophthalmology, it’s benefits in endodontic therapy which was best performed remains unparalleled. These benefits also extend to all aspects of dentistry including periodontics, restorative, prosthetic dentistry, and implant dentistry. Barring the disadvantages of steep learning curve, cost, and maneuverability of the equipment, magnifications are definitely becoming an important aspect of modern‑ day dentistry, owing to their numerous other benefits. Keywords: magnification, loupes, microscopes, dentistry, advantages and disadvantages Introduction Dentistry is leaded by a movement in technological advances which help clinicians with adequate training to incorporate the finest skills and equipment in day–to‑day practice, thus enhancing their existing skills and knowledge and delivering the most ideal outcomes with utmost precision. A necessary attribute in modern dentistry for clinical work is a high level of visual acuity, especially for near vision. A common way to achieve better vision is to effectively magnify the area of interest. Worschech CC et al. said that improved lighting, coupled with magnification, provides a clear distinction between surfaces that may look similar in color or texture under traditional working conditions. The clarity and details achieved with magnification are so vivid and revealing that the clinician will immediately recognize the potential for improved precision in both diagnostic and treatment procedures. According to Tascheiri S et al. magnification devices are beneficial for patients, in terms of ergonomics, vision, treatment success rate, treatment times, and total costs [1] Magnifications for microsurgery was introduced to medicine during the late 19th century. Carl Nylen, father of microsurgery, in 1921 first used a binocular microscope for ear surgery. The pioneers in dentistry were Apotheker and Jako, who first introduced the use of microscope in dental procedures in 1978. Following this, Carr, in 1992, published an article defining and emphasizing the role of the surgical microscope in endodontic procedures. In 1994, Shanelec and Tibbetts presented a continuing education course documenting the use of surgical microscope in dentistry and called it “Microscope‑ Assisted Precision Dentistry.” Most experienced microscope users comment with amazement about the wonders of working through a microscope. It is well said that a magnified, clear image can speak more for itself than a thousand words put together. Definitely considered as an eye opener to many dental professionals, microsurgery is unfolding to be an interesting concept. In 1979, Daniel defined microsurgery in broad terms as surgery performed under magnification by the microscope Magnification, illumination, and instruments (Kim 2001) together form the “Microsurgical Triad.” Without these, microsurgery is impossible. Microscope‑ enhanced practice does not indicate conceptual revolutions in existing techniques, however implies an improved accuracy, better handling, and gentleness and thoroughness in the procedures, with slight modification in the already practiced techniques.1