Advances in Parkinson’s Disease, 2018, 7, 31-42
http://www.scirp.org/journal/apd
ISSN Online: 2169-9720
ISSN Print: 2169-9712
DOI: 10.4236/apd.2018.73004 Aug. 31, 2018 31 Advances in Parkinson’s Disease
On Heredity Factors of Parkinson’s Disease: A
Parametric and Bayesian Analysis
Abolfazl Saghafi
1
, Chris P. Tsokos
2
, Rebecca D. Wooten
3
1
Department of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
3
Department of Mathematics, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, USA
Abstract
Hereditary is one of the key risk factors of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) and
children of individuals with the Parkinson’s carry a two-fold risk for the dis-
ease. In this article, chance of developing the Parkinson’s disease is estimated
for an individual in five types of families. That is, families with negative his-
tory of the PD (I), families with positive history where neither one of the
parents (II), one of the parents (III-IV), or both parents (V) are diagnosed
with the disease. After a sophisticated modeling, Maximum Likelihood and
Bayesian Approach are used to estimate the chance of developing the Parkin-
son’s in the five mentioned family types. It is extremely important knowing
such probabilities as the individual can take precautionary measures to defy
the odds. While many physicians have provided medical opinions on chance
of developing the PD, our study is one of the first to provide statistical mod-
eling and analysis with real data to support the conclusions.
Keywords
Parkinson’s Disease, Heredity, Bayesian Estimation, Maximum Likelihood,
Statistical Modelling
1. Introduction
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, mean-
ing that symptoms continue and worsen over time. Nearly one million Ameri-
cans are living with Parkinson’s disease and approximately 60,000 are diagnosed
with PD each year. This number does not reflect thousands of cases that remain
undetected. The cause for the PD is unknown, and although there is presently no
cure, there are available treatments such as medication and surgery to manage its
symptoms [1].
How to cite this paper: Saghafi, A., Tso-
kos, C.P. and Wooten, R.D. (2018) On
Heredity Factors of Parkinson’s Disease: A
Parametric and Bayesian Analysis. Ad-
vances in Parkinson’s Disease, 7, 31-42.
https://doi.org/10.4236/apd.2018.73004
Received: August 12, 2018
Accepted: August 28, 2018
Published: August 31, 2018
Copyright © 2018 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access