Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 14, No. 3; 2022 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 12 COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Patients with Tuberculosis in Brazil Eliza Miranda Ramos 1,5 , Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo 2 , James Venturini 4 , Gilberto Gonçalves Facco 3 , Cinthya Cristina de Oliveira Canuto dos Reis 5 , Grazielle Franco Ferro da Costa Rodrigues 5 , Antônio Carlos de Abreu 1 , Francisco José Mendes dos Reis 1 , Pamela Aline Miranda Teodoro 1 , Ernani Mendes da Fonseca Junior 6 , Rubens César Ferreira Pereira 7 & Valter Aragão do Nascimento 1 1 Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, School of Medicine, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 2 Ministry of Health, Secretary of Health Surveillance, Department of Strategic Coordination of Health Surveillance, General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories, Brasília-DF, Brazil 3 Graduate Program in Environments and Regional Development, Anhanguera University, UNIDERP, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 4 Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (PPGDIP/UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 5 Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico em Saúde (FIOTEC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6 Estácio de Sa University, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 7 Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Correspondence: Valter Aragão do Nascimento, Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, School of Medicine, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: aragao60@hotmail.com Received: December 20, 2021 Accepted: January 23, 2022 Online Published: January 26, 2022 doi:10.5539/gjhs.v14n3p12 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n3p12 Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 is a global public health problem. The first case reported in the socially vulnerable population in the territory of Mato Grosso do State/Brazil occurred in August 2020. However, information about the co-infection of Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 is rarely described in the world literature. Objective: to describe for the first time a group of vulnerable patients who died or not due to Tuberculosis and COVID-19, using a Cohort study of a control group and a treatment group. Methods: Reporting 7 cases of TB associated with COVID-19 confirmed by respiratory RT-PCR, hospitalized in a hospital department of COVID-19 (CEAA: 42969320.0.0000.0021). Results: The patients included in this case report were aged between 19 and 83 years, respectively, with a predominance of females, 4 patients were vaccinated with BCG. In addition, 3 patients died from COVID-19, and 2 patients were considered cured by COVID-19. The mean time to diagnosis between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the “control group” was 43 days and the mean time to diagnosis in the “treatment group” was 37 days. The average number of days of hospital stay in the “control group” was 50 days and in the “treatment group” it was 40 days. In the patients in the “control group”, 2 presented a unilateral pulmonary cavity lesion on the X-ray. In the “treatment group”, only 1 patient presented a unilateral pulmonary cavity lesion on the X-ray, and 2 presented a bilateral pulmonary cavity lesion, and only one developed bilateral non-cavitary lesion with infiltrates. Regarding drug resistance to the treatment of Tuberculosis, in the “treatment group” only 2 patients were sensitive and 3 were resistant. On the other hand, in the “control group”, 1 patient presented resistance and 1 sensitivity. It was found that 4 patients with drug resistance to Tuberculosis died (57%). Among the patients who died, it was observed that patients aged 83, 70 years and 66 years were not vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). It was found in this case report that patients with COVID-19 and Tuberculosis have 60% less chance of cure. Furthermore, patients cured with pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 may be at greater risk of developing advances in the