Research Article Destructive Effect of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Liver and kidney Indices and Ameliorative Role of Thyme Oil Ozdan Akram Ghareeb 1 1 Community Health Department, Kirkuk Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq. * Correspondence: Ozdan Akram Ghareeb. ozdanakram@ntu.edu.iq Received: 24 Octoebr 2023; Accepted: 29 October 2023; Published: 20 November 2023. Abstract: Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have wide application prospects in the technology and biomedicine fields. As a result, increased human and animal exposure to these nanoparticles through various routes raises health concerns. The present experiment aims to investigate the potential ameliorative role of thyme oil (TO) against disturbances of some hepatic and renal parameters caused by NiO-NPs in laboratory rats. Randomly, thirty-two adult rats were distributed into 4 groups, first group was a negative control, and the remaining three groups were set for treatment through oral gavage for a period of 28 consecutive days. Treatment groups received the following: NiO-NPs (100 mg/kg), TO (5 mg/kg), NiO-NPs plus TO in the same amounts as mentioned. The results confirmed that intoxicated rats with NiO-NPs showed a considerable excess in serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea along with increased malondialdehyde activity in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast a notable reduce in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels has been reported. However, when administering thyme oil to poisoned rats with NiO-NPs, a clear attenuation of all studied parameters was observed. In conclude, thyme oil has defensive role against possible hepatorenal toxicity induced by nanoparticles. Keywords: Oxidative stress, nanoparticles, adult rats, toxicity. How to cite: Ozdan Akram Ghareeb.(2023).Destructive Effect of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Liver and kidney Indices and Ameliorative Role of Thyme Oil. IAR J. Med Sci. 4(6). 6-12 1. Introduction N anomedicine, the medical application of nanotechnology that deals with particles less than 100 nm in dimensions, has become one of the most promising areas of modern medical research in all related respects [1–4]. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have received a lot of research interest for their huge potential and multiple applications especially in sensors, ceramics, catalysts, photovoltaic materials, paints, cosmetics, and others [5,6]. In this context, the environmental burden and the risk of human and animal exposure increase, so it is necessary to understand their toxic effects in the living body [7].In recent years, evaluations of the potential toxicity and health risks and their management of nanoparticles, including NiO-NPs, have received great attention [8,9]. The nanoparticles can easily enter the body from several entrances, orally, inhalation, and skin. These particles easily distribute with the circulatory system, reaching the vital organs [10,11]. Studies have documented that excessive generation of free oxygen radicals (ROS) was the proposed primary mechanism for toxicity induced by NiO-NPs, in addition to stimulation of cell degeneration and inflammatory response[12, 13]. Nickel (Ni) has been proven as a chemical element recognized as a carcinogen due to its genotoxicity [14], furthermore the creation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and among the organs most exposed to Ni are liver and kidneys [15]. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in using raw extracts of medicinal plants to develop traditional alternative medicine as they are valuable sources of phytochemicals that have multiple medicinal properties including antioxidant and tissue damage inhibitor along with low {IAR J. Med. Sci. 2023, 4: Issue6, 06-12; doi:10.47310/iarjms.2023.v04i06.002