Letter to the Editor
Left Ventricular Assist Device
Implantation in a Patient With
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of
the Great Arteries
To the Editor,
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implanta-
tion in cases of congenital heart disease remains high
risk and should only be performed in high-volume
LVAD centers by experienced surgeons. Congeni-
tally corrected transposition of the great arteries
(ccTGA) is a rare cardiac anomaly in which late
hemodynamic deterioration and ventricular dysfunc-
tion affect survival. We report the case of a successful
LVAD implantation in a 58-year-old woman with
ccTGA complicated with rapidly deteriorating con-
dition despite optimal medical treatment and lack of
other interventional options.
ccTGA is a rare cardiac anomaly featuring discor-
dant ventriculo-arterial connection (1). In this condi-
tion, the right atrium is connected to the left ventricle
(LV) and the left atrium (LA) is connected to the
right ventricle (RV), hence circulatory pathways are
in series. Late hemodynamic pathologies involve sys-
temic RV failure, failure of atrioventricular valves,
and late pulmonary hypertension. Survival correlates
closely with deterioration of ventricular function
(1,2). Surgical options involve atrioventricular valve
replacement, pulmonary artery banding to improve
RV/LV interaction, anatomic repair with the
“double-switch” operation, and cardiac transplanta-
tion. We report here the successful use of LVAD
implantation in a patient with ccTGA suffering from
end-stage heart failure (HF).
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old woman (150 cm, 65 kg, body mass
index [BMI] 29 kg/m
2
) was admitted for recurrent
cardiac decompensation secondary to end-stage HF.
The patient had been diagnosed with asymptomatic
ccTGA at the age of 44 at a routine examination. In
2008, the patient began experiencing recurrent
cardiac decompensation, with ascites, recurrent lung
edema, pleural effusion requiring drainage, and mul-
tiple hospitalizations. Comorbidities included atrial
fibrillation, type II diabetes, arterial hypertension,
and hypothyroidism. The patient complained of
severe dyspnea and decreased physical capacity, with
6-min walking distance decreasing progressively to
100 m and New York Heart Association (NYHA)
functional classification of III.
Right-heart catheterization in April 2012 showed
reduced cardiac index (CI) under recompensated
conditions (1.94 L/min/m
2
; cardiac output 3.07 L/
min) and pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vas-
cular resistance [PVR]: 213 dyn·s/cm
5
). In July 2013,
after another episode of cardiac decompensation,
catheterization showed worsening function (CI 1.8 L/
min/m
2
; cardiac output 3.07 L/min) and increased
pulmonary hypertension (PVR 347 dyn·s/cm
5
). Coro-
nary catheterization showed no significant coronary
sclerosis.
Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe,
progressive reduction in the systolic function of the
functional LV, from an ejection fraction (EF) <25%
in June 2012 to <15% in June 2013. The functional
RV showed an EF of 35% in 2012 and 40% in 2013.
The heart was bi-atrially dilated, with mitral and mild
tricuspid (systemic) valve regurgitation; it showed
also no ventricular septal defect, and no pulmonary
valve stenosis (Figs. 1 and 2).
Because of her rapidly deteriorating condition
despite optimal medical treatment and lack of other
interventional options, an interdisciplinary team dis-
cussed pulmonary banding; we had a similar case
doi:10.1111/aor.12506
FIG. 1. Preoperative chest x-ray showing marked cardiomegaly
with aorta to the right side.
Copyright © 2015 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Artificial Organs 2015, 39(12):1069–1071