359 Stapp Car Crash Journal, Vol. 62 (November 2018), pp. 359-377 Copyright © 2018 The Stapp Association Side Impact Assessment and Comparison of Appropriate Size and Age Equivalent Porcine Surrogates to Scaled Human Side Impact Response Biofidelity Corridors Jennifer L. Yaek, Christopher J. Andrecovich, John M. Cavanaugh Wayne State University Stephen W. Rouhana Vehicle Safety Sciences, LLC (Ford Retired) __________________________________ ABSTRACT – Analysis and validation of current scaling relationships and existing response corridors using animal surrogate test data is valuable, and may lead to the development of new or improved scaling relationships. For this reason, lateral pendulum impact testing of appropriate size cadaveric porcine surrogates of human 3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old, and 50 th percentile male age equivalence, were performed at the thorax and abdomen body regions to compare swine test data to already established human lateral impact response corridors scaled from the 50 th percentile human adult male to the pediatric level to establish viability of current scaling laws. Appropriate Porcine Surrogate Equivalents PSE for the human 3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old, and 50 th percentile male, based on whole body mass, were established. A series of lateral impact thorax and abdomen pendulum testing was performed based on previously established scaled lateral impact assessment test protocols. The PSE thorax and abdominal impact response data were assessed against previously established scaled human thorax lateral impact response corridors and scaled abdominal oblique impact response corridors for the 3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old, and 50 th percentile human male based on lateral pendulum impact testing. The overall findings of the current study confirm that lateral impact force response of the thorax and abdomen of appropriate weight porcine surrogates established for human-equivalent-age 3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old, and 50 th adult male are consistent with the previously established human scaled lateral impact response corridors). Porcine surrogate biomechanics testing can prove to be a powerful research means to further characterize and understand injury and response in lateral impact. KEYWORDS – Lateral Impact, Thorax, Abdomen, Scaling, Biofidelity, Response Corridor, Side Impact, Pediatric, ATD __________________________________ INTRODUCTION Due to a paucity of pediatric post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) for use in testing over history, researchers have had to consider other avenues to help establish response corridors for child crash test dummy design and development. Response corridor development is central to establishing anthropometric test device (ATD) response similar to that of humans. Normalization of data can be described as the method by which measured impact responses from individual specimen tests with variable characteristics are brought into a standard. Scaling, particularly in impact biomechanics, can be used as a process to convert normalized response data from one standard group to another; for example, mid-size male lateral impact response corridor data to the pediatric population (Petitjean et. al, 2015). Normalization and scaling of response data has been an indirect technique used for many years to establish pediatric response biofidelity corridors for crash test dummy design and development, both through scaling of adult PMHS data and animal surrogate test data to the pediatric level. Eppinger (1976), in evaluating PMHS thoracic impact data from several different sources, used a basic linear normalization approach (labeled a “scaling approach” by the authors) which assumed linear relationships between the central constraints of length, mass, and time as well as equal density and modulus of elasticity between the mass and its reference (dummy). Mertz (1984) derived an impulse-momentum normalization technique for specific body regions based on segment characteristics and type of impact test. This approach used mass and stiffness ratios along with assumptions of lumped mass and spring 2018-09