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Reviews
the expressive components of ritual and ceremony, and by
drawing greater atention to the transcendental components
of belief reveals the limitations of sociological deinitions
of ritual that have been dominant within anthropology,
and laterly archaeology, from Durkheim onwards. A clear
articulation of direction is provided in the inal chapter by
Mitchell. He calls for a ‘post-Structuralist Material Culture
mode’, in which there is a shit from the study of meaning,
structure and ideology towards practice and efect — from
representational to non-representational approaches. Within
this, material culture is central as a locus for much of the
agency generated and maintained through ritual acts. The
move is from sociological construction to performance,
distributed agency and materiality.
So, is this volume a ‘cult classic’? Well, probably not,
but it is a highly readable, stimulating and useful series of
papers that begins to chart a notable shit in interpretive
direction within the archaeological study of ritual (compare
this with earlier collections on the theme, such as Garwood
et al. 1991). My one gripe is that the papers are oten too
short for the richness/complexity of the evidence and argu-
ment required. Within this ield, ‘thick description’ (a full
articulation of context) has considerable value.
Joshua Pollard
Department of Archaeology & Anthropology
University of Bristol
43 Woodland Road
Bristol
BS8 1UU
UK
Email: Joshua.Pollard@bris.ac.uk
References
Bradley, R., 2005. Ritual and Domestic Life in Prehistoric Europe.
London: Routledge.
Brück, J., 1999. Ritual and rationality: some problems of
interpretation in European archaeology. European
Journal of Archaeology 2(3), 313–44.
Garwood, P., D. Jennings, R. Skeates & J. Toms (eds.), 1991.
Sacred and Profane: Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeo-
logy, Ritual and Religion. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Archaeology and the Media, edited by Timothy Clack &
Marcus Britain, 2007. Walnut Creek (CA): Let Coast
Press; ISBN 978-1-59874-233-6 hardback £40 & US$89;
ISBN 978-1-59874-234-3 paperback £15.99 & US$29.95,
328 pp., 47 igs., 1 table
Christopher Witmore
Permit me to begin this review with a brief allegory. The
Egyptian god Theuth, the cunning originator of arithmetic,
geography, astronomy and writing, goes forth to present
these latest of inventions to Thamous. Ater stressing the
merits and utility of each, Theuth in turn listens to the bal-
anced praise and critique of the wise king; but then comes
the example of writing. Theuth states:
Your highness, this science will increase the intel-
ligence of the people of Egypt and improve their
memories. For this invention is a potion for memory
and intelligence.
To this Thamous replies:
You are most ingenious, Theuth. But you tell me
the opposite of writing’s true efect. It will atrophy
people’s memories. Trust in writing will make them
remember things by relying on marks made by
others, from outside themselves, not on their own
inner resources, and so writing will make the things
they have learnt disappear from their minds. Your
invention is a potion for jogging the memory, not for
remembering.
It doesn’t mater whether or not you have read Plato’s
Pheadrus, in which the allegory of Theuth and Thamous was
told, because its basic plot has been reiterated many times,
by so many artists, archaeologists, journalists, technicians
and television producers. The plot is uterly familiar. Just as
writing exists outside and separate from the workings of the
human mind, so too the message it conveys is separate from
the medium, the vehicle that transports it. Mind and mater,
ends and means, meaning and material: such is the familiar
(modernist) plot into which media almost inevitably fall.
In the millennia since Plato’s Phaedrus, the mixed-up
fates of media and men (much less archaeologists), for beter
and worse, have become ever more intertwined. Perhaps it is
a sign of our times that mention of the word ‘media’ should
be conlated so oten with ‘the media’. Given the ubiquity
of media, and given the capriciousness of the media, the
appearance of a book entitled Archaeology and the Media is long
overdue. To be sure, ‘the media’ betrays a particular emphasis
from the front cover onwards. For the editors, Timothy Clack
and Marcus Britain, ‘media is both the means to mass communi-
cation and the material agency by which that communication
is transmited, transferred, or conveyed’ (p. 9). My emphases
underscore two points of concern which I shall raise, at the
expense of many of the book’s merits, in the course of this
review: 1) media taken as ‘the media’, and 2) the pesky dis-
tinction set forth by the Platonic plot with which we began.
Taking media in the singular not only does an injustice
to what they are (and I am referring to more than the incorrect
use of Latin grammar), it also does an injustice to the diverse
array of concerns which Clack and Britain have admirably
drawn together in this book. Targeting archaeology’s rela-
tionships to ‘mass media’, its fourteen chapters give insights
into ilm, television, newspapers, photography, literature,
video games and emergent media. If the allegory of Theuth
and Thamous seems a distant concern to such a book, then
that distance falls away when one considers how its plot
is built into the very divisions of labour between primary
research and secondary dissemination, between content pro-
ducers (‘fuzzies’) and technical personnel (‘techies’), between
interviewees and journalists. As Clack and Britain point
CAJ 19:2, 277–9 © 2009 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
doi:10.1017/S0959774309000420