World Environment 2019, 9(1): 1-12
DOI: 10.5923/j.env.20190901.01
Nature and Collection Systems of Domestic Solid Wastes
in Kisii Town, Kenya
Mecheo O. Naftal
1,*
, P. Omondi
2
, Abdirizak Nunow
2
1
A Masters Graduate Moi University, Kesses, Kenya
2
A Senior Lecturer in Department of Geography Moi University, Kesses, Kenya
Abstract Urban domestic solid waste is increasingly being generated in many urban centres including middle sized towns.
This paper examines and analyses nature and the collection systems of domestic solid waste in Kisii town- a middle sized
town in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study include: analyzing the types of domestic solid waste generated in Kisii
town and assessing the storage, collection and transportation systems of the domestic solid wastes (DSW) in Kisii town. A
data sample of 110 households was obtained using a multi- stage stratified sampling method. Data collection methods
involved the use of questionnaires to households and direct interviews to County officers in charge of DSW. In addition,
observation integrated with photography was used. Data analysis was carried out using multiple methods and presented using
various forms including use of tables, use of graphs generated through SPSS, and other descriptive statistics such as the use of
measures of central tendency. It was found that various types of domestic solid wastes are generated in Kisii town ranging
from: food remains, papers, polythene papers, plastics, bottles, glass, cans, tins, used old clothes, used old shoes, used old
beddings such as blankets, used PVCs, used old furniture and remains of construction materials such as wood, cement bags,
pieces of iron sheets and pieces of card boards. Also, varied systems of collection, storage and transportation are deployed
including: use of self- purchased bins, County provided bins and self- purchased polythene bags; both the County employees
and private groups take part in the collection of domestic solid wastes. In transportation of the waste, only three methods are
employed including: use of compacters of the County, use of tractors and use of hand- pulled carts (mkokoteni). In conclusion,
Kisii town generates a wide range of wastes from households and the management of the DSW is inadequate for the town
residents. It is therefore recommended that, for effective domestic solid waste management public awareness should be
emphasised to identify the critical role of separation of waste at source, adequate bins should be provided in the town and
collection should be regular and indiscriminate in all estates. At the same time, the transportation of the waste to designated
dumping sites should be streamlined and made more effective.
Keywords Nature, Collection systems, Domestic solid waste (DSW), Kisii town, Kenya
1. Introduction
Solid waste is produced in all residential areas of human
habitation. The management of the waste thus has become a
critical problem to different Counties and towns especially in
developing countries. Domestic solid waste management in
middle-sized towns such as Kisii has become a vital problem
to local authorities and municipal authorities especially in
developing countries. Consequently, UNEP (2003) observed
that the impact of solid wastes in urban environments has
become more and more intractable. For example, it’s
estimated that more than five (5) million people die annually
* Corresponding author:
mecheonaftal@gmail.com (Mecheo O. Naftal)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/env
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
in urban areas worldwide from diseases related to inadequate
waste management systems (UNDP, 1991).
Kisii town has experienced rapid population growth and
physical expansion in the recent years. The area has
increased rapidly in the recent past resulting in the expansion
of its boundaries due to high rural urban migration as well as
natural increase. The population has increased threefold
from 64,000 in 1989 census to 183,000 people according to
2009 census, (KMC 2010). The population increase in the
town has consequently increased the generation of domestic
solid waste (DSW) in the town, such that it poses
overwhelming challenges to the existing management
systems for the DSW.
The status of Kisii town has been elevated to County
headquarters with the adoption of devolved system of
government following the promulgation of the Constitution
of Kenya, 2010. The generation of domestic solid waste
in Kisii has consequently increased to an alarming level
that requires urgent attention. Similarly, the collection,