Developments in Goat Semen Cryopreservation R Ranjan, M Kumar, C Gangwar and S D Kharche Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP- 281122, India ARTICLE INFO Key words: Artifcial insemination, semen cryopreservation, vitrifcation, Goat, semen extender doi: 10.48165/aru.2021.1205 ABSTRACT Sperm cryopreservation simplifes its storage for longer time for use in artifcial insemination and assisted reproductive technologies. Tis technique is also important for breed conservation process and has paved the way for other reproductive biotechnologies. Despite the signifcant progress in the feld, frozen- thawed sperm have enormous inconsistency in fertility rates. It is well known fact that semen cryopreservation exhibited detrimental efects on post-thaw semen motility, plasma membrane, acrosomal status and DNA integrity which ultimately efect the fertility outcome. In addition, several attributes are responsible for low quality of goat cryopreserved semen such as breeds, seasons, management practices and cryopreservation protocols. Te aim of the review article is to give an insight of distant features of goat semen cryopreservation as well as recent development in goat semen cryopreservation. It also provides concise information on progress made in the advancement in the semen extender development and cryopreservation of goat sperm. Introduction Cryopreservation of semen plays a crucial role in the longstanding ex-situ in vitro conservation of endan- gered breeds viz. Jamunapari, Jakhrana, Surti, Beetal, and Sangamneri. The efficiency and performance of non-de- script (>100 million) could be upgraded and improved their genetics using quality frozen semen in a short span of time (Gama and Bressan, 2011). The selection of elite bucks and maximum utilization of their semen for breed- ing is a familiar method for raising goat production. Artificial insemination with freshly diluted buck semen has inherent limitations that semen of existing live goats can be used for breed improvement. Obviously, large- scale propagation of proven buck semen through AI with frozen semen is the only alternative means for increasing goat productivity (Gangwar et al., 2016). Large scale prop- agation of buck semen on national as well as the interna- tional levels is not possible unless a suitable technology for freezing buck semen is developed. The post-thaw sperm motility and fertility of cryopreserved sperm are found to be low in goats due to several factors such as age, breeds, seasons, management practices, cryopreservation proto- cols, and non-availability of goat specific semen extender (Bailey et al., 2000; Al-Ghalban et al., 2004; Arrebola et al., 2017). The detailed molecular mechanism and extent of cryopreservation-associated structural damages to buck sperm have not been explored systematically. In the review paper, we will discuss the current cryopreservation tech- nique with distant features of goat semen cryopreservation * Corresponding author. E-mail address: dr_raviranjan@yahoo.co.in (R Ranjan), manu1000.mv@gmail.com (M Kumar), chetnaom82@gmail.com (C Gangwar), kharche62@gmail.com (S D Kharche) Received 14-09-2021; Accepted 01-01-2022 Copyright @ Animal Reproduction Update (acspublisher.com/journals/aru) Animal Reproduction Update Year 2021, Volume-1, Issue-1 (Jul-Dec) Review Article www.acspublisher.com