129 © The Author(s) 2021 C. Wiesner (ed.), Rethinking Politicisation in Politics, Sociology and International Relations, Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54545-1_7 CHAPTER 7 Voting and Non-voting in Post-democratic Times Dirk Jörke 7.1 INTRODUCTION When we look at the development of European democracies since the turn of the twenty-frst century, two phenomena are particularly evident: on the one hand, the decrease in voter participation (Offe 2013), and, on the other hand, the increasing electoral success of right-wing populist parties (Kriesi and Pappas 2015b). In scholarly (Birch 2009; Schäfer 2011; Müller 2017; Mounk 2018) as well as public discussions, both types of voting behaviour are described as irrational and as threats to democracy. In this chapter, I would like to contradict these interpretations. First of all, I argue that both the refusal to participate in elections and the decision to vote for a right-wing populist party could be considered as new forms of politicisation. Second, I consider the criticism of non-voting and of the election of right-wing populist parties as part of what Ingolfur Blühdorn (2013) described as ‘simulative democracy’. In other words, the typically D. Jörke (*) Institute for Political Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany e-mail: joerke@pg.tu-darmstadt.de