~ 362 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(3): 362-364 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(3): 362-364 © 2016 JEZS Received: 15-03-2016 Accepted: 16-04-2016 Asim Shamim Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Muhammad Sohail Sajid Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Correspondence Asim Shamim Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Tick- borne “Bourbon” Virus: Current situation and future implications Asim Shamim and Muhammad Sohail Sajid Abstract Ticks transmit wide range of virus to human and animals all over the globe. Bourbon virus is new tick transmitted virus from bourbon county of United States of America. This is first reported case from western hemisphere. The objective of this review is to share information regarding present situation of this newly emerged virus and future challenges. Keywords: Global scenario, tick, bourbon virus Introduction Ticks (Arthropoda: Acari), an obligate blood imbibing ecto-parasite of vertebrates [1] spreads mass of pathogens to humans and animals globally [2] . Ticks have been divided into two broad families on the base of their anatomical structure i.e. Ixodidae and Argasidae commonly called as hard and soft ticks respectively [3] . Approximately 900 species of ticks are on the record [4-6] and 10% of these known tick species [7] , communicate several types of pathogens to human and animals of both domestic and wild types. Ticks ranked next to mosquitos as vectors of human [8], and animal diseases. During the past few decades, it has been noticed that the number of reports on eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases increased [2] . Ticks transmit a number of species of viruses [7] , bacteria [9] , protozoa [10, 11] , rickettsia [11-13] , and fungi [14] . Ticks have been reported to transmit at least 38 types of viruses belonging to different six virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae and Flaviviridae [7] . All the tick-borne viruses are RNA viruses [7] . Some of the ticks communicate viral diseases which are very much harmful for both humans and livestock species. Tick-borne viruses (TBV) are a group of viruses with significant world-wide importance in public health perspective. Most common tick transmitted viral diseases of human and animals are: Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF) transmitted by Hyalomma ticks [15] , Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) transmitted by Ixodes ricinus [16] , Louping-ill virus (LIV) [17] , and Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) [18] , transmitted by Dermacentor andersoni [19, 20] . Viruses vectored by ticks are found mainly in the genera; Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) [7] . The aim of this article is to focus on recently, new identified virus in Kansas, USA. Bourbon Virus Bourbon virus ‘Bourbon’ is the type of Thogotovirus (THOV) genus of family Orthomyxoviridae which is RNA virus and has resemblances with Dhori and Batken virus [21] , which has been isolated from Hylomma tick species [22-25] . The name of bourbon virus is proposed in 2014 after the name of county (Bourbon) of Kansas USA where it was an outbreak causing death of patient [26] . Discovery Bourbon Virus is discovered by Kosoy and his colleagues of centre of disease control (CDC) and prevention in 2014 in Fort Collins, Colorado, when they are processing the blood sample of the patient [21, 27a] . [21] Used next generation sequencing (NGS) technology to identify this novel virus. In addition to this technology they also use real-time (RT) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm presence in the blood sample of patient. Morphology Bourbon virus is found in different form but filamentous and roughly spherical forms are more common. The diameter of Bourbon virus ranges from 100–130 nanometre.