https://doi.org/10.1177/1074295618798587
Beyond Behavior
1–6
© Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2018
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DOI: 10.1177/1074295618798587
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Demonstration Article
Providing feedback on student academic performance is
an essential part of the learning process and something
teachers do throughout every day. Unfortunately, the
same cannot be said for providing feedback for social
behaviors. Remember the old adage, “The squeaky wheel
gets the grease?” This saying certainly applies to class-
room behavior. Teachers have many responsibilities
including lesson planning, preparing materials, managing
behavior, clerical tasks, and, of course, teaching. This
may make it challenging to remember to provide feed-
back for appropriate (correct) social behaviors because it
does not seem as necessary when things are going well or
when the day is exceptionally busy. Yet, when a student
displays inappropriate behavior or does not meet expecta-
tions, he or she quickly receives the teacher’s attention,
time, and corrective feedback.
Acknowledging appropriate behavior is one way to com-
municate to students which academic and social behaviors
are desirable. One of the easiest ways to do this is to provide
praise contingent on appropriate responding in the class-
room. Although a specific type of feedback, praise has the
added connotation of a more intentional response compared
with affirming a correct answer (Brophy, 1981). Praise is
efficient because it can be delivered anywhere, requires
only minimal training and preparation, and can be used with
students of various age and ability levels, as well as in a
variety of content areas. Praise can be an essential ingredi-
ent to improving student-teacher relationships and a class or
school climate.
Behavior-Specific Praise (BSP): A
Definition
Praise can be classified into two broad categories, general
and behavior specific. General praise involves using brief
statements of ambiguous recognition, such as “Good job,
Elizabeth,” “Way to go,” or “Nice work, Jon.” Although
general praise can certainly have benefits, it does not always
clearly communicate why the student has been acknowl-
edged. BSP involves adding a specific behavioral descrip-
tion to clarify the observed behaviors teachers are
acknowledging and, likely, hoping to occur more often in
the classroom. Example BSP statements include, “Class,
good job entering the classroom quietly and beginning your
work,” “I love how you are sharing your markers with your
table mates, Lauren. Way to go!” or “Hunter, nice work
being respectful by raising your hand and waiting to be
called upon.” These examples demonstrate how BSP is
more detailed compared with general praise and provides
798587BBX XX X 10.1177/1074295618798587Beyond BehaviorEnnis et al.
research-article 2018
1
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
2
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
3
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
4
California State University, Los Angeles, USA
5
Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
6
Lawrence, KS, USA
Corresponding Author:
Robin Parks Ennis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham,
1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Email: rennis@uab.edu
Behavior-Specific Praise: An Effective,
Efficient, Low-Intensity Strategy to
Support Student Success
Robin Parks Ennis, PhD, BCBA-D
1
, David James Royer, PhD
2
,
Kathleen Lynne, PhD, BCBA-D Lane
3
, Holly M. Menzies, PhD
4
,
Wendy Peia Oakes, PhD
5
, and Liane Elizabeth Schellman, MEd
6
Abstract
Behavior-specific praise (BSP) is a low-intensity strategy that can be used to reinforce appropriate responding in the
classroom. BSP occurs when a teacher observes particular student behavior and compliments the student for the
appropriate response with the intent that students will continue to engage in the appropriate behavior. In this article, we
describe a step-by-step process for using BSP in classrooms with all students, including those at risk for emotional and
behavioral disorders.
Keywords
behavior-specific praise, BSP, low-intensity strategies, positive behavioral supports, Ci3T, management, School/classroom