Journal of Policy Research, 8(3), 510-513. https://jprpk.com https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625089 510 The Relationship of Marxism and Literary Theories with the Common Grounds of Phenomenology Sobia Riaz 1 , Muhammad Aqeel 2 , Zubair Hussain 3 Abstract The ground aspects of phenomenological perspective provide a wide range of the literature study in collaboration with literary theories but the same, the Marxism cannot be studied better in the phenomenological perspectives rather it can be better studied in critical perspectives. The relationship of the Marxism and literary theories with phenomenological common grounds is highlighted in the current study through descriptive method of research. The study illustrates the relationship of Marxism and literary theories in phenomenological perspectives in the light of previous studies and as a sample textual analysis of Jane Austen‘s Pride and Prejudice . Keywords: Phenomenology, Marxism, Literary Theories 1. Introduction Critical theory in literature is a specific approach in which deals with the social sciences and the power of special analysis with respect to politics, economy, dominance exploit and ideology. It is based on the judgment that dominates the problem which is needed to be explored dominantly in society. The question is raised that how does political communication affect the opinion and practices in the society. The modern political issues can be manipulated by literary theory. Karl Marx and his Marxian tradition help to understand the categorical needs of society because Marxian theory helps to understand critical question of power, dominance, exploitation and struggle of demand in the society. Marxian inspired, traditionally employ the term “critical” to describe that all sciences not only critical but has administrative character that take power structure for granted, but does not help to understand the meaning of legitimating. Phenomenology is an approach develops by Edmund Husserl which is based on the human experience and the way the things are perceived and area to the human senses. It has become the new critical approach for evaluating the literature and literary aspects in context to ground realities. Qutoshi (20118) says that phenomenology has become a new phenomenon and theoretical guidelines for the researchers that help to understand the phenomenon at the subject level of the reality. Creswell (2017) says that phenomenology is descriptive in its nature which provides the wider meaning of living experiences to study the things under consciousness. Fotchman (2008) illustrates that the roots of phenomenology are found in the writings of Plato, Socrates and Aristotle as the philosophy of human beings. Marxism was developed to establish a brand-new economic and political order wherein the powers that be manipulate the rights of the countries. This theory describes the relationship between the social stakeholder groups in terms of power issues based on wealth and the distribution of power. The theory was initially used for political purposes, but later it was recognised as a theory of literary criticism. In their book "The Communist Manifesto," Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels introduced the idea of an ethics of values. The socioeconomic and ideological underpinnings of his book gave priority to the social creation of society's values and socioeconomic system. Marx's book's concept of morals and ethics was dubbed Marxism in the historical period during which the theory of Marxism was created. The foundational principles of ethics and life values have been impacted by this philosophy. According to Eagleton (1996), Marxism is a broad spectrum of theoretical analysis that aids in understanding the ideologies, concepts, values, and experiences that a society went through at the time. The literary theory of feminism, which Marxism challenges and confronts power politics in the framework of masculine and dominating thinking of the systems of the society, is examined in opposition to Marxism, it is also noted. As Marxism helps in the manipulation of society's hidden powers, this idea has emerged as a master pioneer of theoretical analysis in the investigation of how class and value competition is managed. The problem arises when the relationship between social classes and life's realities are discussed because people are then forced to view the things as the power, being carried up in the social hierarchy. On the other hand, philosophy offers the foundation for analyzing the realities as they are presented in society. The relationship between literary ideas and Marxism and the everyday realities of life will also be covered in the current study. 1.1. Statement of the Problem Literature is being studied now days under the perspectives of only literary theories but through these literary theories the ground realities of the time are being neglected which provides the basis to more understand the pieces of writings. 1.2. Significance of the Study The currents study is unique in its nature which will provide a model to understand the relationship of Marxism and literary theories with the ground realities of phenomenology. 1.3. Objectives • To compare literary theories with philosophy. 1 Lecturer Dept of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan., Pakistan, goshisobia@yahoo.com 2 Corresponding Author, Visiting Lecturer, Dept of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan, aqeelpk786@yahoo.com 3 M Phil, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, smartmindltd@gmail.com