Proceeding of the 3
rd
International Conference on Education, Vol. 3, 2017, pp. 234-246
Copyright © 2017 TIIKM
ISSN 2424 - 6700 online
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17501/icedu.2017.3125
3
rd
International Conference on Education, 20-22 April 2017, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
SELECTED ONGKAH-ONGKAH OF SAMA DILAUT IN
THE PROVINCE OF TAWI-TAWI: THEIR FORMS AND
STYLES OF EXPRESSION
Elvinia Reyes- Alivio, Junefe D. Naquira and Josephine M. Lendio
College of Education, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography,
Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the forms and style of expression of selected ongkah-ongkah
(songs) of SamaDilaut in the province of Tawi-Tawi, the values contained in each song and its
influence to the socio-political and economic lives of the SamaDilaut. This study was solely
qualitative in nature. The fifteen respondents are from BohehSallang, BongaoPoblacion and Sibutu
Municipality where residents are expert in composing folksongs and have been chosen to represent
their barangays as contestants in the festivities like: AwwalJamman held during Kamahardikaan sin
Tawi-Tawi (Province Day Celebration).
Interview method and focused group discussion (FGD) aided by the interview guide and video
recorder were used to gather the necessary data. Data were recorded, transcribed, translated from
native tongue to English language, analyzed and interpreted to find out the values contained in the
songs and how they influenced the socio-economic and political lives of the Sama folks.
This study found out that the common ongkah-ongkah of the SamaDilaut are the tenes-tenes, sangbay,
linggisan, lolay, leleng, anakiluh, budjangmanis, pagparinta. Some Sama folksongs like the tenes-
tenes, sangbay, linggisan, pagparinta, anakiluh vary in terms of form and style of expressions,
contained repetition of words and rhyming words. Some are also performed through dancing with the
accompaniment of stringed instruments like guitar, gitgit and biula (violin), gabbang (bamboo
xylophone), reed flute (sawnay) and tambu (drum). It also determined that the ongkah-ongkah
contained socio-economic and political values of the SamaDilaut. Through singing they are able to
convince people to buy their homemade products like mats (baloy). Some of them were invited to any
celebration to perform, thus helping them to earn a living. These songs also provide entertainment to
the community folks.
Keywords:Ongkah-Ongkah, SamaDilaut, Community Folks, Tenes-Tenes, Gabbang
Introduction
The folk literature of Muslim cultural communities in Mindanao, Philippines, may be in prose or in verse. But
the style and form of expressions may vary from one Muslim cultural community to another with what various
languages that people speak. Folk literature follows the oral tradition and that folktales, myths, legends, epic
poems, riddles and proverbs are handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Moreover, folk
literature in the Muslim cultural communities has a participatory audience. The audience listens, reacts and
retells what he or she hears to another audience, thereby ensuring the transmission of the folk literary materials
to others. Authorship is not individual but it is collective. Basically, the problem that easily comes to mind is the
lack of access to the textual materials of these oral genres, if not absenceMost yet to be collected and
documented (Asain, 2015).
Spotted throughout the Sulu archipelago and other parts of the Philippines like Mindanao, Visayas and Luzon
live the SamaDilaut or Badjaus, Badjau means “man of the seas”. By tradition, the people are sea nomads,
travelling by boat from one island to the next in search of a fishing harvest
The Sama are highly fragmented people with no overall political unity in terms of government patterned system
but have their own political tribal affairs. Specific Sama groups can be distinguished by dialect. However, most
identify themselves with a particular island or island cluster.
SamaDilaut traditional songs are handed down orally through generations. The songs are usually sung during
marriage celebrations (kandulipagkawin), accompanied by dance (pang-igal) and musical instruments like pulau
(flute), gabbang (bamboo xylophone), taunggo’ (kulintang gongs), and in modern times, electronic keyboards.
There are several types of traditional songs, they include: isun-isun, lunsai, nasid, bua-buaanak, and tinggayun.
Corresponding Author:Elvinia Reyes- Alivio/elviealivio@yahoo.com