Review Concurrent design of vessel machinery system and air emission controls to meet future air emissions regulations Océane Balland a,n , Stein Ove Erikstad a , Kjetil Fagerholt b a Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway b Department of Industrial Economics and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway article info Article history: Received 21 July 2012 Accepted 5 April 2014 Keywords: Air emissions Optimization Machinery system abstract In this paper we consider the reduction of air emissions from vessels during the design phase. The aim is to support ship-owners in the vessel design and in the selection of air emission controls for meeting current and future environmental regulations. We present a cost driven optimization model that is concurrently handling two mutually dependent decision problems: Machinery design and selection of air emission controls. The output of the model is the optimal machinery system for the vessel together with the optimal plan for which emission controls should be implemented and when, either during building or later during the vessel life when emission regulations make it necessary. We later extend the model to include the Energy Efficiency Design Index. We present a case study exemplifying the use of the model, and propose methods to include other performance criteria such as environmental sustainability, robustness and flexibility. & 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Problem definition, modeling and assumptions .............................................................................. 3 2.1. Machinery systems .............................................................................................. 3 2.2. Emission controls................................................................................................ 3 3. Mathematical model of the optimization problem ........................................................................... 4 3.1. Notations ...................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Model formulation............................................................................................... 5 3.2.1. Machinery constraints ..................................................................................... 5 3.2.2. Emission constraints ...................................................................................... 5 3.2.3. Constraints for global and SECA regulations on SO X ............................................................. 5 3.2.4. Binary variable constraints ................................................................................. 5 4. Including the EEDI ..................................................................................................... 6 5. Case study ........................................................................................................... 7 5.1. Case description................................................................................................. 7 5.1.1. Arrangement ............................................................................................ 7 5.1.2. Emission controls ......................................................................................... 8 5.2. Results ........................................................................................................ 8 6. Additional performance aspects .......................................................................................... 8 7. Conclusion and further work ............................................................................................ 9 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 9 References ............................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction Emissions to air from vessels continue to receive considerable attention. Global warming is one key driver, with a corresponding Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/oceaneng Ocean Engineering http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.04.013 0029-8018/& 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. n Corresponding author. E-mail address: oceane.balland@ntnu.no (O. Balland). Please cite this article as: Balland, O., et al., Concurrent design of vessel machinery system and air emission controls to meet future air emissions regulations. Ocean Eng. (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.04.013i Ocean Engineering ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎