0016-7622/2020-95-1-67/$ 1.00 © GEOL. SOC. INDIA | DOI: 10.1007/s12594-020-1387-2
JOURNAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA
Vol.95, January 2020, pp.67-74
Textural Analysis of Coastal Sediments along East Coast of India
U. K. Pradhan*
1
, R.K. Sahoo
2
, S. Pradhan
3
, P. K. Mohany
2
, and P. Mishra
1
1
National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), NIOT Campus, Narayanpuram, Chennai - 600 100, India
2
Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur -760 007, India
3
Chilika Development Authority, C-11, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar - 751 014, India
*E-mail: uma22pradhan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The study investigates textural characteristics of sediment
at selected tourist beaches extending from Rameswaram to
Paradip along east coast of India. Samples were taken from
backshore and foreshore at nine selected locations to evaluate
sediment grain size distribution and its seasonality. Analysis of
grain size distribution carried out to identify textural
characteristics (mean size, standard deviation, skewness and
kurtosis) and its variability in two different seasons (southwest
and northeast monsoon). Results show that sediments lying in
backshore regions are mostly medium sand, while its changes
are relatively invariant against seasons. The percentage of fine
sand is higher during January compared to September due to
prevalence of calm wave conditions. The mean grain size trend
decreases at backshore region while it increases at foreshore
region from south to north along the coast indicating dominance
of aeolian transport. Sediments are mostly moderately sorted at
backshore and moderately well sorted at foreshore region.
Mostly symmetrical and mesokurtic sediments are dominated
along the coast indicating sediments are well sorted at central
portion of sediment distribution. The CM diagram depicts sediment
source are from beach environment during both the seasons and
some of them transported by tractive current in September and
transporting during September is by rolling, bottom suspension
and rolling; and graded suspension no rolling.
INTRODUCTION
Sedimentology which includes characteristics and dynamics of
sediments is an important area of research often provides valuable
information on coastal environment. Many researchers in the field,
work on coastal sediments on a seasonal scale to understand behavior
of the coast viz. erosion, accretion and evolution of sand dune systems.
Besides, sediment texture acts as instrument for fundamental analysis
of origin of coastal sediments, prevalence of oceanographic conditions
and sediment transport processes (Komar, 1998; Pentney and Dickson,
2012). The beach sediment moves both in cross-shore and alongshore
direction under the action of wind, wave, tide, and extreme events
such as storm, cyclone, tsunami and coastal/terrestrial flooding. In
general, beach sediment transport occurs by wind at upper part of
beach while oceanographic conditions such as tide, current and waves
are accountable for uninterrupted transport of sediments at swash zone
and nearshore region up to continental shelf. Textural analysis of
sediments has fascinated coastal researchers around the globe and
also these studies are made available worldwide to investigate the
potential information about transport behavior and size-sorting
processes of sediments in several environments (Folk and Ward, 1957;
Friedman, 1961; Tairaand Scholle, 1979; Clark, 1981; Slyetal., 1982).
The study has been carried out along the east coast of India whose
sedimentology and transport mechanisms are essential for coastal
management.
Sediment along east coast of India is influenced by reversal wind
and current pattern (Shetye et al.,1993; Schott and McCreary, 2001),
which resulted in northerly sediment movement during southwest
monsoon and southerly during northeast monsoon (Chandramohan
and Nayak, 1991; Mishra et al., 2001). The aim of this work is to
investigate the seasonality in textural characteristics of major
selective sandy beaches along the east coast of India. The study
explain the grain size characteristics and mode of transport at each
location. Textural parameters for Tamil Nadu coast is studied by
Chandrasekar (1992), for Andhra Pradesh (Karunakarudu et al.,
2013; Bangaku Naidu et al., 2016; Suvarna et al., 2017) and for
Odisha coast (Chauhan, 1986, 1992; Mohanty et al., 2012) have
made significant contributions in differentiating the environments of
beach and river sediments. However, information is lacking on the
grain size characteristics of such sediments and on the processes
operating along the east coast of India. The present study aims to fill
this gap.
STUDY AREA
The study area lies along the east coast of India, which has an
extensive coastline of about 3480km with diverse oceanographic
conditions (Fig.1). The southern east coast of India (Tamil Nadu coast)
is generally dominated by micro tidal pattern while the central east
coast of India (Odisha coast) is dominated by the meso-tidal pattern.
The east coast of India is characterized with various geomorphological
features such as open beaches, rocky shores, sandy spits, estuaries,
tidal inlets, bays, lagoons, marshy land & mangroves etc. The stations
at which sediment samples were collected are experienced with reversal
sediment transport as well as regional coastal processes which are
influenced by a number of environmental drivers such as geological,
meteorological and oceanographical factors. Besides, many river
systems also discharge huge amount of sediments, which takes part in
coastal evolution process. Therefore, east coast of India is much more
dynamic compared to the Arabian coast due to huge propensity of
sediment out flux to Bay of Bengal. The study sites along east coast of
India is highly exposed to tropical cyclones (Dube et al., 1997; Singh
et al., 2001; Monalisha and Panda, 2018; Baral et al., 2018) and tsunami
like extreme catastrophic events are responsible to changes in the
nearshore geomorphology drastically. On the other hand, anthropogenic
activities like development of port, groyne field and breakwater along
the coast acts as barrier for uninterrupted sediment transport along the
Indian coast and noticed the changes in sediment distributions and
budget (Rao et al., 2009; Mohanty et al., 2012). Study area has been
fixed along east coast of India within four maritime states and one
union territory.
DATA AND METHODOLOGY
Sediment sample from nine locations along east coast of India
were collected during the month of September and January 2016
representing southwest and northeast monsoon at study locations.