Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction There is no concrete evidence of where FGM was frst beginning to be practiced, but some studies suggest it’d are frst started in ancient Egypt and then spread to different parts of the world at different times. 1–6 In ancient Rome, metal rings skilled the labia of female slaves to stop them from procreating. 7–11 In Greece, FGM was reported during a papyrus from 163BC. Within the third century, Soranos who are taken into account as the father of obstetrics and gynecology described the procedure of FGM. 12–16 Herodotus also pronounced the excision of female external genitalia in Egypt dated back to the primary century, Rome, Pre-Islamic Arabia, and therefore the Tsarist Russian Federation. 17–22 Regardless of its origin, FGC has been performed by Christians, Muslims, and Animists. The practice was also common in the U. S. of America and Europe in the early 19th century when cutting of genitals was wont to treat psychological disor-ders, and prevent masturbation also as “clitoral enlargement”, epilepsy, and hysteria. 23–26 There are two suggested theories about the origin of FGM/C. The frst is that it would have been developed in Egypt and spread to other countries, while the second is that it originated in Africa as an African tribal puberty rite and then transmit- ted to other places like Egypt. 27,28 The origin of infbulation (type of FGM/C) is slightly diffcult to be traced, but it’d be dated to the Romans, and mainly performed on slaves to stop them from making sexual relationships. 29 Within the 19th century, the UK (UK) allowed the removal of the females‟ clitoris surgically as a treatment for epilepsy, sterilization, and masturbation. 30 Aim of the study The present study was carried out to assess prospects reasons for performing and refusing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt. Research questions I. What are Reasons for performing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt II. What are Reasons for Refusing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt Subjects and methods Research design A Descriptive Cross- sectional study was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Subjects & setting Setting: The study was conducted in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at Beni-Suef Governorate. As the following mention: Nurse Care Open Acces J. 2023;9(1):6‒7. 6 ©2023 Hassan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Female genital mutilation in northern upper Egypt: prospects reasons for performing and refusing Volume 9 Issue 1 - 2023 Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan, 1 Fatima Hosny Abd-ELhakam, 1 Momen Zakria, 2 Rasha El- Syed 1 1 Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Egypt 2 Lecturer of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine, Beni- Suef University, Egypt Correspondence: Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan, Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Email Received: December 31, 2022 | Published: January 19, 2023 Abstract Background: Female Genital Mutilation was reported during a papyrus from 163BC. Within the third century, Soranos who are taken into account as the father of obstetrics and gynecology described the procedure of FGM. Herodotus also pronounced the excision of female external genitalia in Egypt dated back to the primary century, Rome, Pre-Islamic Arabia, and therefore the Tsarist Russian Federation. Aim: The study was conducted to assess prospects reasons for performing and refusing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt. Subject & methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was used to achieve the aim of the current study. The study was conducted in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at Beni-Suef Governorate. Convenient sample was used. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire is divided into two sections: (1) socio-demographic and personal characteristics; (2) Reasons for practicing FGM/C and reasons for refusing FGM. Results: The main reasons for performing FGM/C as mentioned; were traditions and culture, religious requirements, and to decrease the sexual desire of females (77.4%, 21.7 %, and 14.4%), respectively. The main reasons for refusing FGM/C were complications, not necessary, and problems between wife and husband (47.3%, 10.3%, and 9.4%), respectively. The main sources information about FGM/C were personal experience & friends or neighbors (71.3% & 36.2%), respectively. Conclusion: Traditions and culture was the main reason for performing FGM/C, followed by religious requirements, and to decrease the sexual desire of females. Health consequences of FGM/C were the main reason for refusing the procedure, followed by females who stated that FGM/C is not necessary, and problems caused between wife and husband related to FGM. Recommendations: Increase awareness about FGM/C law against all parties, whether parents seeking to perform FGM/C or health care workers or other persons participating in performing FGM/C. Keywords: female genital mutilation, upper Egypt, prospects, reasons, performing, refusing Nursing and Care Open Access Journal Research Article Open Access