Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2019 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 92 Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviours Among Primary Healthcare Professional Nurses in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Sizeka Monakali 1 , Daniel Ter Goon 1 , Eunice Seekoe 1 & Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi 1 1 Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa Correspondence: Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, 5200 South Africa. Tel: 277-30-719-622. E-mail: owolabiomolara101@gmail.com Received: August 16, 2018 Accepted: December 6, 2018 Online Published: December 18, 2018 doi:10.5539/gjhs.v11n1p92 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n1p92 Abstract Nurses play significant roles in health promotion and health education about healthy lifestyle practices and are considered role models of healthy lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear if their knowledge of healthy lifestyle choices translate to practice. This study assessed the lifestyle behaviours of primary healthcare professional nurses in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 203 purposively selected primary healthcare nurses in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. We utilised the WHO STEPwise questionnaire to assess the lifestyle behaviour (smoking, alcohol use and physical activity) of the nurses. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at a significance level of p<0.05. The participants’ mean age was 45.17 (Standard Deviation±11.26) years. Of all the participants, 27% had ever taken alcohol, and 18% currently use alcohol. Only 8% had ever smoked and of these, 3% currently smoke. Of all the participants, 33% do not engage in physical activities, and only 29% of them met the WHO recommendation for being active. Most of them were aware of the benefits of physical activities. Majority of the participants cited lack of time (74%) and lack of commitment (63%) as barriers to physical activity and few of them cited health challenges (3.9%). Among the primary health care professional nurses in this setting, we found a high prevalence of alcohol use and low prevalence of smoking and physical activity among primary health care nurses in this setting. There is a need to implement effective workplace strategies and wellness programmes that will foster healthy lifestyle practices among the nurses. Keywords: nurses, lifestyle behaviour, primary healthcare, Eastern Cape, South Africa List of abbreviations NCDS: Non-communicable diseases PHC: Primary Health Care WHO: World Health Organisation SD: Standard Deviation EC: Eastern Cape BCMM: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality 1. Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are significant public health, developmental, social and economic concerns, and are the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide (WHO, 2017). Various modifiable factors like smoking inadequate physical activity, poor dietary practices, harmful alcohol use, overweight and obesity are majorly responsible for the increase in the burden of NCDs\ (WHO, 2017). Irrespective of the gruesome burden associated with non-communicable diseases, they are largely preventable through the prevention of the associated risk factors. While the focus of policy makers and researchers regarding the burden of non-communicable diseases has been on the general population, little attention is paid to the burden among health care workers. This might be as a result of the general belief that healthcare workers are more knowledgeable about NCDs and associated lifestyle behaviours (Blake & Harrison, 2013; Skaal & Pengpid, 2011). However, their knowledge might not necessarily translate to