Corresponding author: Jishnu Madabhushi, E-mail id- venkatajishnu1@gmail.com
Department of Chemical Engineering, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai.
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0.
3D printing in chemical engineering: A review
Jishnu Madabhushi
*
, Aditya Kalamdani, Abhinav Tyagi and Nita Mehta
Department of Chemical Engineering, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai, India.
World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2022, 07(01), 086–095
Publication history: Received on 29 August 2022; revised on 02 October 2022; accepted on 05 October 2022
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.7.1.0097
Abstract
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing has become one of the most revolutionary and powerful tools serving
as a technology of precise manufacturing of chemicals ranging from laboratory scale to large scale production. There is
constant motivation towards designing new concepts of manufacturing with high efficiency. The introduction of 3D
printing technology in the chemical industry has opened new horizons in the research and development of printed
materials and equipment. One of the fields of technology, art, and science that is currently advancing the fastest is three-
dimensional printing, and its uses are continually expanding. Three important elements play a big role in the rapidly
expanding usage of 3D printing. First, as a result of lower raw material costs, increased competitive pressure, and
technological developments, 3D printing is becoming increasingly affordable. Second, the rate at which materials can
be printed is getting faster. Third, more types of materials can now be used with new 3D printers. A wide variety of
polymers, resins, plasticizers, and other materials are being employed to make novel 3D products as a result of
advancements in the chemical industry. In this review, we discuss the contribution of three-dimensional printing in the
field of chemical engineering.
Keywords: Microfluidics; Additive manufacturing; Fused deposition modelling; Electrodes; Active pharmaceutical
ingredient
1 Introduction
The field of 3D printing is constantly evolving in both academic and industrial research environments. The development
of 3D printing technologies has opened up new possibilities for implementation in the field of rapid prototyping,
instrumentation, dentistry, microfluidics, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. Thanks to the huge
reduction in costs and common commercial availability, 3D printing has become a cutting-edge technology with huge
potential - also for teaching and applied chemistry. It opens up the possibility of printing custom-made reactors such as
(micro) flow reactors. In addition, 3D printing technology can simplify chemical reactions such as heterogeneous
catalysis, as reactants such as catalyst can be immobilized in the reactor by direct printing. Thus, chemical experiments
can be printed and it is possible to quickly transform an idea into a process or a concept into an educational experiment
as an elegant think-and-print approach [1].
The chemical industry will be both a provider of the new generation materials needed for 3D printing and a beneficiary
of this process. The chemical sector has a huge opportunity to create unique consumables and generate new revenue
streams with 3D printing. Using this technology, the concept is converted into a prototype using computer-aided design
(CAD) files, enabling the production of digitally controlled, customized products. In this technology, layers of materials
such as living cells, wood, alloy, plastic, metal, etc. are stacked on top of each other to form the required 3D object.
Chemical synthesis is usually carried out in laboratories using expensive and complex equipment, which often hinders
research progress. It is now viable to use 3D printing to produce reliable and durable miniature fluidic reactors as