Principles and Applications of Medical Oncology in Exotic Animals Tara Myers Harrison, DVM, MPVM, DACZM, DACVPM a, *, Barbara E. Kitchell, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Internal Medicine and Oncology) b INTRODUCTION Neoplasia and successful therapy for neoplasia has been reported in fish, birds, rep- tiles, small mammals, primates, and megavertebrates. 1–6 This article introduces med- ications and therapeutic approaches being used in a variety of exotic animal species (Table 1). These animals range in size from grams to thousands of pounds. Discussion of administration techniques will also be introduced. Medical treatment of cancer is still largely used as an adjunctive or palliative treat- ment. However, there are therapies that can produce remission for months to years, depending on the animal, tumor type, and stage of disease. The acceptance of many exotic species into the human family unit has contributed to owners who are seeking out and are willing to dedicate the financial and emotional resources for improved medical care and therapeutics for their pets. The authors have nothing to disclose. a Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Med- icine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; b Department of Oncology, VCA Vet- erinary Care Referral Center, 9901 Montgomery Boulevard, Albuquerque, NM 87111, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail address: tara_harrison@ncsu.edu KEYWORDS  Neoplasia  Chemotherapeutics  Exotic  Wildlife KEY POINTS  Chemotherapy can be used in exotic and zoologic animal species.  Chemotherapy, in exotic and zoologic species, can be performed successfully through oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous routes.  The use of a vascular access port can make intravenous administration of chemotherapy possible in exotic and zoologic species of animals.  Continued research and evaluation of chemotherapeutics in exotic and zoologic animal species will improve treatments of these animals. Vet Clin Exot Anim 20 (2017) 209–234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.007 vetexotic.theclinics.com 1094-9194/17/Published by Elsevier Inc.