https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965517704369
Cornell Hospitality Quarterly
2018, Vol. 59(1) 61–66
© The Author(s) 2017
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DOI: 10.1177/1938965517704369
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Research Note
Introduction
The relationship between the hotel industry and online
travel agencies (OTAs) has been contentious. Titles of arti-
cles in a HotelNewsNow (2011) “Special Report” provide a
good sense of the coolness of the relationship: “Can’t live
with ‘em. Can’t live without ‘em”; “How to wean yourself
off of ‘hotel cocaine’”; and “Hotel-OTA relationship not
wedded bliss.” The main issue discussed in these trade arti-
cles relate to the OTA fee structure, with the argument made
that the hotel industry enjoys little benefit through its par-
ticipation with these firms . . . and that any gain by one
property is offset by losses by another—a classic zero-sum
gain proposition.
Several academics researchers have explored the
hotel−OTA relationship. At the core of this research has
been a debate regarding the value of OTAs to the hotel
industry. Championing the positive argument, Cornell’s
Chris Anderson (2009, 2011) has provided interesting and
well-developed empirical studies in support of OTAs. A
major Anderson contribution has been the introduction and
quantification of the well-known “billboard effect.” This
concept argues that hotels selling rooms through OTAs
should consider the fees paid to these intermediaries to be
more than simply commission. Rather, he suggests, a por-
tion of the fee should be considered as compensation for the
OTA’s sales and marketing efforts on the hotel’s behalf, jus-
tifying the fee paid as good value for the hotel. On the other
side of the issue are authors to include Šimunić (2013) and
Green and Lomanno (2012) who argue that OTAs provide
little value while syphoning significant revenue that would
otherwise accrue to the hotels. It is an interesting debate and
one that will continue to be explored.
A parallel issue, and one heretofore not studied, is the
sometimes contentious relationship between governmental
entities and the OTAs. As discussed below, disputes between
these entities have flared with regularity. The Columbus,
Georgia, case study that follows looks at one such legal dis-
pute, interesting in that its resolution followed a path differ-
ent than had all others. By studying this case, we hope to
add literature that provides a sense of the balance of power
between communities and OTAs. Not knowing where the
power lies makes for difficult decision making by govern-
mental officials and leaves a gap in the hospitality and tour-
ism academic literature. The research that follows addresses
this lacuna. But first, some background regarding the issue
is in dispute.
704369CQX XX X 10.1177/1938965517704369Cornell Hospitality QuarterlyMcLeod et al.
research-article 2017
1
College of Charleston, SC, USA
2
Columbus State University, GA, USA
Corresponding Author:
Brumby McLeod, Associate Professor, Hospitality & Tourism
Management, School of Business, College of Charleston, 66 George
Street, Charleston, SC 29424. USA.
Email: mcleodb@cofc.edu
Goodbye Columbus: Accommodation
Taxes and OTAs
Brumby McLeod
1
, Stephen W. Litvin
1
, Kirk C. Heriot
2
,
Andres Jauregui
2
, and Erin Dempsey
1
Abstract
In 2006, the community of Columbus, Georgia, filed a lawsuit over uncollected accommodation taxes aimed at online
travel agencies [OTAs]. Defendants included companies such as Expedia and Orbitz. In retaliation for the lawsuit, the
OTAs delisted the city’s hotels from their sites. Several years later, the lawsuits were settled and normalcy returned. The
delisting period provided an interesting set of circumstances that allowed exploration of the power balance between OTAs
and municipalities. It also provided, using nonexperimental “real-life” data, some insight into an issue that has received
significant trade and academic attention—the influence of OTAs upon hotel occupancies and rates. The results provided
should be of interest to communities and their tourism officials in disputes similar to that experienced by Columbus.
Hoteliers, the third party caught in the crossfire of these disputes, will also find the research results of value.
Keywords
OTA; online travel search; travel law; accommodation taxes; hotel performance