Current Trends in Natural Sciences Vol. 9, Issue 17, pp. 52-64, 2020 https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2020.v9i17.006 Current Trends in Natural Sciences (on-line) Current Trends in Natural Sciences (CD-Rom) ISSN: 2284-953X ISSN: 2284-9521 ISSN-L: 2284-9521 ISSN-L: 2284-9521 http://www.natsci.upit.ro *Corresponding author, E-mail address: nicolaeionescu50@gmail.com 52 COMPARISON BY MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF TWO NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS Nicolaie Ionescu 1* , Bogdan Alexandru Guţă 2 , Cristina Ghiorghe 1 , Oana Badea 1 , Diana Popescu 1 , Cătălin Dinuţă 1 , Mariana Nicolaie 1 , Magdalena Podea 1 , Robert Gheorghe 1 1 Agricultural Research and Development Station Piteşti, Piteşti-Slatina road km. 5, 117030, Piteşti, România 2 Syngenta Agro SRL Abstract Some current studies on morphological, biochemical, molecular of wheat plants could be used in the progress of varieties’ improvement, adapted to current requirements (Black and Halmer, 2006). Board genetic dowry and wheat crop conditions usually lead to characteristic expression of plant morphology. In winter wheat, both in the case of a Phyton and a Foxyl varieties, some new directions have been found, which have recently been improved. Thus, in the two variety comparison, the straw was shorter in the hybrid with 6 cm. The basal internode (the third of top) was 1 cm longer in the variety, with its thickness between the same limits in both forms (3.1-3.2 mm). The sub-apical internode measured less 1 cm in the Phyton, and the apical internode was shorter by 2-4 cm in the Foxyl. The ear had the longest in the Foxyl, but the weight of the spikes was similar (ears were dominated by 2.1-2.3 g). Each spikes contained 16-17 spikelets in both forms. Spikelet had an external glume and inferior palea shorter to the Phyton, and the awn was longer 2-3 cm in the sema variety. The medium spike contained 15-16 more grains in the Phyton, and the total mass of the grains in a spike weighed more with 0.2 g in the same variety. The grains were longer by about 1.0 mm and the thickness was 0.4-0.5 mm more both in the Foxyl variety. The mass of thousand grains in smaller limits was at Phyton (33-36 g), while the Foxyl had the much larger grain weight (45-51 g). Between the morphological characters of the plants, significant positive correlations were obtained only between the components of the spikes in both forms. Un important links were obtained between the characters of the straw with the other plant elements in the Phyton and significant linkages under the same conditions in the Foxyl. Both forms of winter wheat demonstrated through the morphological characters manifested, good zonal adaptability. Keywords: grains, spikes(ears), spikelets, variability, wheat 1. INTRODUCTION Being known for a long time, the wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) Thell ssp. vulgare (Will.) MK] is between the most important cereal crops (maize, rice, barley) (Hopf and Zohary, 2000; Bonjean and William, 2001). The plant have additional genes for its resistance to cold, required under temperate climates (Brenchley et al., 2012; Li et al., 2014) and recently to the new conditions of climate changes. By its high adaptability, wheat grows in a multitude of cultural conditions, on all continents. The cultivation of wheat is properly for the production of grains. The grains have a lot