Original Article Using cortical function mapping by awake craniotomy dealing with the patient with recurrent glioma in the eloquent cortex Q6 Q5 Ying-Ching Li a , Hsiao-Yean Chiu b , Kuo-Chen Wei a,c , Ya-Jui Lin d , Ko-Ting Chen a , Peng-Wei Hsu a,c , Yin-Cheng Huang a,c , Pin-Yuan Chen a,c,d,* a Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan b School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan c School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan d Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan article info Article history: Received 17 January 2019 Accepted 5 June 2020 Available online xxx Keywords: Awake craniotomy General anesthesia Glioma KPS Glioblastoma Neurologic deficits abstract Q1 Background: Awake craniotomy is an effective method by which to reduce postoperative neurologic deficit in newly-diagnosed glioma patients. However, the level of functional preservation in patients undergoing resection of recurrent glioma remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate functional outcomes in patients with recurrent glioma undergoing awake craniotomy as compared with conservative general anesthesia craniotomy for tumor resection. Q2 Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 225 patients who had recurrent gliomas from May 2013 to January 2016 in our institution. New-onset neurological deficits were evaluated on postoperative day 7 (early) and at 3 months (late). General performance was assessed both preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The early neurological deficit rate was 3.8% in the awake craniotomy group and 21.6% in the general anesthesia group (P ¼ 0.032), while the late neurological deficit rates were 3.8% and 11.5%, respectively (P ¼ 0.231). Moreover, 46.1% of patients in the awake craniotomy group and 12.6% in the general anesthesia group demonstrated an improve- ment in the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Awake craniotomy is an effective and safe method by which to perform recurrent glioma surgery. The neurological outcomes and general performance after awake craniotomy in recurrent glioma patients were better than those in patients undergoing general anesthesia craniotomy. * Corresponding author. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. E-mail address: pinyuanc@cgmh.org.tw (P.-Y. Chen). Peer review under responsibility of Chang Gung University. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Biomedical Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bj 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 biomedical journal xxx (xxxx) xxx BJ317_proof 26 June 2020 1/6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.004 2319-4170/© 2020 Chang Gung University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article as: Li Y-C et al., Using cortical function mapping by awake craniotomy dealing with the patient with recurrent glioma in the eloquent cortex, Biomedical Journal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.004