Journal of Geology & Geophysics OPEN ACCESS Freely available online Research Article 1 J Geol Geophys, Vol. 12 Iss. 9 No: 10001142 Correspondence to: Muhammad Basharat, Department of Drainage and Groundwater Management, International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute, WAPDA, Lahore, Pakistan, E-mail: basharatm@hotmail.com Received: 07-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. JGG-23-25963; Editor assigned: 09-Aug-2023, PreQC. No. JGG-23-25963 (PQ); Reviewed: 23-Aug-2023, QC. No. JGG-23-25963; Revised: 30-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. JGG-23-25963 (R); Published: 06-Sep-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2381-8719.23.12.1142. Citation: Basharat M, Jawad M (2023) Simulation of Canal Water Availability for Bari Doab in MODFLOW Calibrated Model. J Geol Geophys. 12:1142. Copyright: © 2023 Basharat M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. the south-westerly direction, with average slopes ranging from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 4,000. The predominantly agricultural land is at an elevation of 100 m to 210 m above mean sea level. Climate change According to the Global Climate Change Risk Index (2014) Report, Pakistan is listed in the top ten countries which are the most vulnerable to climate change. The hottest day in the world, with temperature of 50.2°C was recorded on 30 th April, 2018 in the District Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Climate change can be natural or due to certain anthropogenic activities. One net impact is in the form of uncertainties to the water available for human activities, particularly for agriculture. Although Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) has well-recognized climate change internationally and locally, but its impact on groundwater in Pakistan is found to be least researched rather not researched [2]. Due to high temperatures, increase in Simulation of Canal Water Availability for Bari Doab in MODFLOW Calibrated Model Muhammad Basharat 1* , Muhammad Jawad 2 1 Department of Drainage and Groundwater Management, International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute, WAPDA, Lahore, Pakistan; 2 Department of Civil Engineering, International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute, WAPDA, Lahore, Pakistan INTRODUCTION The groundwater supplies in many regions around the world are being depleted to meet growing irrigation and other needs in the wake of diminishing surface water supplies e.g. USA and India [1]. The depletion of these groundwater supplies is expected to intensify as a result of climate change. These impacts are likely to be particularly severe in regions such as Bari Doab, where the groundwater is already being depleted at a very high rate. As the groundwater depletes the cost of pumping increases and risk of water quality deterioration also increases. The research area lies in the Bari Doab between rivers Ravi and Sutlej on Pakistani side of the border. The Bari Doab area is part of a vast stretch (about 40,000 km 2 ) of alluvial deposits worked by the tributary rivers of the Indus. The parent material is of mixed calcareous alluvium derived from a variety of rocks during the Pleistocene period. The general slope of the area is mild towards ABSTRACT The climate in Pakistan gradually increases in severity in the north-south direction. But irrigation allowances are almost kept constant, particularly in Punjab. The results show that climate becomes more severe towards the tail of the BARI DOAB commands both during summer as well as winter. The average annual rainfall varies from 713 mm for Lahore in the northeast to 209 mm for Multan in Sidhnai command in the southwest; and the ETo difference is 177 mm between the two stations across spatial domain of the BARI DOAB commands. DTW increases in the downstream direction of Bari Doab i.e. why canal water was reallocated. The canal water availability was simulated for Bari Doab in MODFLOW calibrated model. Here, the possibility of climate change was simulated by increasing and decreasing groundwater recharge by 15% and 25% of existing average canal flows. Moreover, in another simulation canal water was reallocated i.e. distributed equally all over the Doab in a way that recharge from canal and rainfall remained equal. Then in another simulation groundwater pumping was assumed equal to calibrated model and distributed equally. Graphs were also developed for depth to watertable. Moreover, areas declared as non-perennial were recommended for perennial allocations. Keywords: Groundwater modelling; Graphical User Interface (GUI); ModelMuse; Bari Doab; Indus basin canals