Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. X, No. X, 199X 1
Copyright © 1998 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
SMEDIS: Scientific Model Evaluation of Dense Gas
Dispersion Models
N.C. Daish, R.E. Britter and P.F. Linden
Principal Consultant, Cambridge Environmental Research
Consultants Ltd., 3, King’s Parade, Cambridge, CB2 1SJ, UK
S.F. Jagger
Head, Fire Safety Section, Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill,
Buxton, Derbyshire, SK17 9JN, UK
B. Carissimo
Research Scientist, Electricité de France, Direction des Etudes et
Recherches, 6, Quai Watier, 78401 Chatou CEDEX, France
Abstract: SMEDIS is a project currently in progress to develop a protocol for
the scientific evaluation of dense gas dispersion (DGD) models, with particular
emphasis on the complex effects of obstacles, terrain and aerosols often found
in real situations, and then to apply this protocol to DGD models currently in
use in Europe. This paper describes the general features of a model evaluation
project and then outlines the implementation in the specific case of SMEDIS.
The paper concludes with some experiences from the project to date.
Keywords: dense gas dispersion, model evaluation, model validation, complex
effects.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Daish, N.C., Britter, R.E.,
Linden, P.F., Jagger, S.F. and Carissimo, B. (2000) ‘SMEDIS: Scientific
Model Evaluation of Dense Gas Dispersion Models’, Int. J. Environment and
Pollution, Vol. 14, No. 1-6, pp. 39-51.
1 Introduction and context
Following a number of major incidents involving the accidental release of hazardous
materials, such as those at Flixborough, UK in 1974 and Seveso, Italy in 1976, a
regulatory regime has developed, particularly in Europe, which requires operators of
chemical and process plant to produce a “safety case” to demonstrate safe operation of
their plant. Such a safety case involves identifying possible accident scenarios and
calculating the consequences of the hazards associated with those scenarios by use of
predictive mathematical models.
Users of these models - developers, consultants, safety personnel or regulators - apply
them to inform safety-critical decisions and, in doing so, often face questions regarding