41 Journal of Mechanical Materials and Mechanics Research | Volume 06 | Issue 01 | March 2023 Journal of Mechanical Materials and Mechanics Research https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jmmmr *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Kheir Al-Kodmany, Department of Urban Planning and Policy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60607, Chicago; Email: kheir@uic.edu ARTICLE INFO Received: 27 February 2023 | Revised: 8 March 2023 | Accepted: 14 March 2023 | Published Online: 24 March 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmmr.v6i1.5503 CITATION Al-Kodmany, K., 2023. Smart Elevator Systems. Journal of Mechanical Materials and Mechanics Research. 6(1): 41-54. DOI: https://doi. org/10.30564/jmmmr.v6i1.5503 COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2023 by the author(s). Published by Bilingual Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribu- tion-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). ARTICLE Smart Elevator Systems Kheir Al-Kodmany Department of Urban Planning and Policy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60607, Chicago ABSTRACT Effective vertical mobility is a crucial element in the design and construction of tall buildings. This paper reviews recent “smart” developments in elevator technologies and analyzes how they affect the construction and operation of tall buildings. In an approachable and non-technical discourse, it maps out, arranges, and compiles complicated and dispersed information on various elements of elevator design. It discusses hardware-based machineries, such as AC and gearless motors, machine-room-less (MRL) elevators, regenerative drives, elevator ropes, and LED lighting, as well as software-based solutions, such as destination dispatching systems, people fow solutions, standby mode, and predictive maintenance applications. Future vertical transportation models are also discussed, including multi-directional elevators and circulating multi-car elevators. Lastly, the paper suggests fruitful avenues for further studies on the subject, such as robotics, 3D printing, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elevator design. Keywords: Energy effciency; Energy conservation; Long distances; Hardware; Software; Applications 1. introduction 1.1 Overview Cities all over are expanding vertically. The main forces behind building upward are population ex- pansion (driven by natural population growth and major rural-to-urban migration), rapid urban regen- eration, soaring land costs, active agglomeration, and globalization. Project owners have even pur- chased excess development rights from surrounding structures to build a taller structure. Some builders, building owners, and tenants may have personalities that push them to build taller than their competitors or have their condo or business address in a supertall structure. Many consider cities with skylines com- prised of tall structures to be progressive and suc-