Open Journal of Forestry, 2018, 8, 472-488 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojf ISSN Online: 2163-0437 ISSN Print: 2163-0429 DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2018.84030 Sep. 19, 2018 472 Open Journal of Forestry Parkland Agroforestry of Ethiopia; Key to Production, Productivity, Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review Solomon Estifanos Bekele School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia Abstract Compiled information on parkland agroforestry tree species in relation to di- versity, tree management options and the challenges of the system is impor- tant for production and productivity, and biodiversity conservation through availing the required information which in turn has an implication to the sustainability of the system and climate change mitigation. So, the aim of this review paper is to compile information on parkland agroforestry practices of Ethiopia, particularly: on tree species diversity, their roles, management op- tions available and challenges of the practice. Parkland agroforestry which is a system practiced by many local populations comprises the large part of agri- cultural landscapes in Ethiopia and is very important in different aspects such as; for food security, microclimate amelioration, economic benefits, environ- mental protection, household energy, household utensils, cultural values, tra- ditional medicines, and fodder. There are many indigenous multipurpose tree species scattered on farmlands in Ethiopia, and the common one includes: Millettia ferruginea, Cordia africana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sur, Croton macros- tachyus and Faidherbia albida. However, nowadays these trees are facing challenges like: expansion of exotic trees in the expense of the native ones, expansion of cash crops through removal of the parkland trees from the farm area, climate change, land shortage and tenure system which require high emphasis for the production and productivity as well as sustainability of the system especially, in this era of climate change; hence this system is one of climate change mitigation options. Keywords Climate Change, Diversity, Parkland, Management Practices, Tenure System, Soil Fertility How to cite this paper: Estifanos, S. B. (2018). Parkland Agroforestry of Ethiopia; Key to Production, Productivity, Biodiver- sity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review. Open Journal of Forestry, 8, 472-488. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2018.84030 Received: July 11, 2018 Accepted: September 16, 2018 Published: September 19, 2018 Copyright © 2018 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access