Prototype of Automatic Control System on Ship
Eko Prayetno
1*
, Risandi Dwirama Putra
2
, Deny Nusyirwan
3
, Indra Putra Almanar
4
, Islam
Uzri
5
, Sapta Nugraha
6
, Dedi Pandu Winata
7
, Ade Fathurrahman
8
, AB Saman Bin ABD Kader
9
{ekoprayetno@umrah.ac.id
1
, risandi@umrah.ac.id
2
, denynusyirwan@umrah.ac.id
3
,
alinput.2020@gmail.com
4
, nasutionalghi@gmail.com
5
, saptanugraha@umrah.ac.id
6
,
dedipanduwinata007@gmail.com
7
, adefathurrahman4@gmail.com
8
, abdsaman@utm.my
9
}
Department of Naval Architecture-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
1
, Department of Naval
Architecture-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
2
, Department of Naval Architecture-
Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
3
, Department of Naval Architecture-Universitas Maritim
Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
4
, Department of Naval Architecture-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji,
Indonesia
5
, Department of Electrical Engineering-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
6
,
Department of Electrical Engineering-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
7
, Department of
Electrical Engineering-Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Indonesia
8
, Department of Aeronautics,
Automotive & Ocean Engineering-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
9
Abstract. Autopilot control makes a system go to the expected target
trajectory. It does not replace the human operator's role but only assists the
part of the system control operator. Autopilot control systems contribute to
reducing human resources in performing tasks to realize higher reliability,
observation, and supervision. Therefore, this study aimed to design an
autopilot control system using GPS, compass, and ultrasonic sensors. It used
a prototype ship weighing 1.7 kg, with a length, width, and height of 90 cm,
20 cm, 10 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the study tested the prototypes
under calm water conditions without extreme external factors. The ATMega
2560 microcontroller was used as an electronic circuit controller-GPS
sensor for latitude and longitude coordinates. The results showed that
ultrasonic sensors detect objects, while the compass sensor moves the
steering gear and rudder to maintain the ship’s direction. Therefore, the ship
could automatically avoid objects and navigate the target trajectory.
Keywords: Autopilot, Control System, Microcontroller, GPS, Compass
1 Introduction
Autopilot controls a system towards the target trajectory without replacing the role
of human operators [1]. However, the system reduces human resources by
performing tasks with higher reliability, observation, and supervision. Its purpose
is to control the rudder's movement, ensuring that the ship's direction is maintained
according to the target trajectory. This is because ships are always influenced by
environmental disturbances caused by wind, tides, waves, and ocean currents at
ICSEDTI 2022, October 11-13, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia
Copyright © 2023 EAI
DOI 10.4108/eai.11-10-2022.2326278