Parallel evolution in Patagonian Pinacocerus and Australian Yumbera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sympycninae), with the description of new species Daniel J. Bickel Abstract—Pinacocerus Van Duzee and Yumbera Bickel are reviewed. Pinacocerus is found in Chile and Argentina and comprises two species, Pinacocerus nodicornis Van Duzee and Pinacocerus candiptorum sp. nov. from Chile. Yumbera comprises six species, five from eastern mainland Australia and Yumbera trisignata sp. nov. from Tasmania. The two genera show remarkable parallel evolution in modification of the male antenna. Re ´sume ´—Pinacocerus Van Duzee et Yumbera Bickel sont passe ´s en revue. Pinacocerus se trouve au Chili et en Argentine et contient deux espe `ces, Pinacocerus nodicornis Van Duzee et Pinaco- cerus candiptorum sp. nov. en provenance du Chili. Yumbera contient six espe `ces, cinq de l’est de l’Australie continentale, et Yumbera trisignata sp. nov. de la Tasmanie. Les deux genres montrent une remarquable e ´volution paralle `le dans la modification de l’antenne du ma ˆle. Introduction The dolichopodid subfamily Sympycninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) is a complex assem- blage of cosmopolitan distribution. The species tend to be rather small and dull coloured, and, although often ignored by general collectors, they can be quite abundant in Malaise and water (pan) traps. The type genus Sympycnus Loew is largely amphitropical in distribution but parti- cularly diverse in the temperate regions of South America (Van Duzee 1930; Parent 1932b), New Zealand (Parent 1933), and Australia (Parent 1932a). Sympycnus is a rather generalized taxon and close to what might be regarded as a ‘‘bauplan’’ for the subfamily. Not surprisingly, many sympycnine genera now include species that were originally described in Sympycnus. Although undoubtedly a paraphyletic genus, it remains a necessary taxo- nomic repository for hundreds of species, which have been described or are awaiting description. This paper is centred on the striking similarity of male secondary sexual characters (MSSCs) found in two derived and distinctive genera of Sympycninae: Pinacocerus Van Duzee from the Patagonian region of Chile and Argentina and Yumbera Bickel from eastern Australia and Tasmania. The two genera are reviewed and new species are described. I dedicate this study to the dipterists of the Canadian National Collection (CNC), Ottawa, and am pleased to contribute to a volume hon- ouring the dipterists who worked there during its heyday, 1937–1989. Appropriately, of the two new species described here, one is known only from the CNC holdings and the other is known only from material collected by a CNC dipterist. I first visited the CNC Diptera Collection in June 1979, having driven to Ottawa from Ithaca, New York, with my fellow graduate student at Cornell University, the lepidopterist John Rawlins. We slept out in Gatineau Park and made forays to the collections at the Central Experimental Farm. There I met Dick Vockeroth, who seemed delighted to meet me. He talked (and chain-smoked) virtually non-stop during my time there, and he unloaded such a wealth of detailed knowledge about Doli- chopodidae that one may have thought it was his family of specialty, not Syrphidae. However, I subsequently found out he could talk like that about many fly families, all of which were remembered from specific collecting episodes. I met the other D.J. Bickel, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (e-mail: dan.bickel@ austmus.gov.au). doi:10.4039/tce.2012.7 Received 4 January 2011. Accepted 27 February 2011. Can. Entomol. 144: 52–61 (2012)  2012 Entomological Society of Canada 52