Research Article Volume 8 Issue 3 - October 2018 DOI: 10.19080/JCMAH.2018.08.555738 J Complement Med Alt Healthcare Copyright © All rights are reserved by Yibeltal Siraneh Belete Uptake of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) Option B+ ART Program among Pregnant and Lactating Mothers Attending Ante Natal Care (ANC) Clinic at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia Yibeltal Siraneh* Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Economics, Jimma University, Ethiopia Submission: September 17, 2018; Published: October 26, 2018 *Corresponding author: Yibeltal Siraneh Belete, Department of Health Economics, Management and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia; Tel: ; Email: J Complement Med Alt Healthcare J 8(3): JCMAH.MS.ID.555738 (2018) 001 Introduction PMTCT Option B+ is a new program that Provide for all HIV-positive pregnant or breastfeeding women with a course of anti-retroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission. A triple-drug anti-retroviral regimen should be taken throughout pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding - continuing for life, regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage [1]. If the mother is breastfeeding, she should also continue to take the triple-drug anti-retroviral regimen until 1 week after breastfeeding has finished. Eligibility is determined at a country level. WHO recommends women with a CD4 count of ≤ 500 cells/ mm 3 (or clinic stage 3 or 4) should continue taking anti-retroviral treatment for life. This course of medication should be permanent and taken every day in order to postpone the development of HIV into AIDS. HIV-exposed infants all infants born to HIV positive mothers should receive a course of medication for PMTCT, which is linked to the drug regimen that the mother is taking and the infants feeding method. If Breastfeeding, The infant should receive Abstract Background: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) Option B+ ART program provide all HIV-positive pregnant or breastfeeding women with a course of anti-retroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission. A triple-drug anti-retroviral regimen should be taken throughout pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding - continuing for life, regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage. However, uptake and uptakeof this new approach, among HIV positive pregnant and lactating mothers was not studied in Jimma university specialized hospital; Hence the objective of this study was to assess uptake of PMTCT option B+ ART program among pregnant and lactating mothers attending anti natal care (ANC) clinic at Jimma University specialized hospital. Methods: An institution based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with the aim of assessing uptake of PMTCT option B+ ART program among HIV positive pregnant & lactating mothers attending ANC clinic at Jimma University specialized hospital from May 01 to May 30, 2014. All HIV positive pregnant & lactating mothers (40) who visited ANC clinic had been interviewed by trained nurse using pretested, closed ended structured questionnaire after respondent consent was taken. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 computer software. Finally data was presented in statement and tables. Results: Out of 40 pregnant and lactating HIV positive mothers included in the study, almost all of them were found in the age group of 18-35years (92.5%) and more than half are literate 25 (62.5%) & their income per month is less than 900 birr (72.5%) as well as 67.5% of them are house wife who were married (80%). Twenty eight (87.5%) of them accepted their HIV positive status due to their history of different exposures and 82.5% of them were tested during first trimester and almost all of them were using PMTCT option B+ ART service (90%), and their reason why they accept was for protection of their baby from HIV (38.71%) and followed by due to having knowledge after counseling (34.41%). About two-fifth of mothers were using condom as one contraceptive method. There is association between initial acceptance of HIV positive test result and uptake of PMTCT option B+ ART services. Conclusion: almost all of HIV positive pregnant & lactating mothers have accepted their HIV positive status. Two third of them were tested at first trimester, and the uptake of PMTCT option B+ ART service is very high at ANC clinic in Jimma University specialized hospital. So, this new PMTCT option B+ ART program should continue with pre and post-test counseling along with ANC follow up. Keywords: PMTCT option B+; Uptake; Pregnant and lactating mothers; ANC clinic; JUSH