S32 © American Society for Clinical Pathology Am J Clin Pathol 2021;156:S21-S165
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191
AJCP / Meeting AbstrActs
Difference in hemoglobin %A2 between homozygous
hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S-trait patients as
measured by capillary electrophoresis
C.M. Tucker,
1
D. Stickle
1
;
1
Pathology, Thomas Jefferson
University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
UNITED STATES
Introduction/Objective: Quantitation by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) of hemoglobin %A2 is
often not used in evaluation for thalassemia of hemoglobin
S-trait patients, due to analytical interference from glycated
hemoglobin S1d to increase %A2. In contrast, an increase
in %A2 for S-trait when measured by capillary electropho-
resis (CE) has been reported, without known analytical in-
terference. This observation has not been re- evaluated in
modern versions of CE, however. For validation exercises
associated with startup of CE at our institution, we com-
pared distributions of %A2 among A patients and S-trait
patients using Sebia “Capillarys® 2” CE.
Methods/Case Report: %A2 is provided in two Sebia
“Capillarys® 2” methods: analysis of A1c (method 1,
M1) and analysis of hemoglobin variants (method 2,
M2). To minimize effect of potential preselection for thal-
assemia among M2 samples, we frst evaluated distribu-
tions of %A2 for A and S-trait among M1 samples. We
then evaluated correlation of A2 measurements between
M1 and M2. Statistical analyses were conducted using R
programming.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA): Using M1, %A2 for
S-trait patients (2.61±0.31%, n=116) was higher than for
A patients (2.11±0.27%, n=108) (p<0.001), with differ-
ence=0.42-0.57 %A2 (95% confdence interval, CI). %A2
by M1 was consistently less than %A2 by M2, for both
A and S-trait (p>0.25): for A, M1/M2=0.89±0.05 (n=35);
for S-trait, M1/M2=0.88±0.05 (n=32). Decreased %A2
by M1 compared to M2 may in part be due to separa-
tion in M1 of a glycated form of A2. Using M2, %A2
for S-trait patients (3.05±0.29%, n=32) was higher than
for A patients (2.41±0.29%, n=35) (p<0.001), with dif-
ference=0.50-0.76 %A2 (CI). M2 results were consistent
with M1 data when combined with the observed M1/M2
ratios.
Conclusion: Results suggest a physiological increase
in %A2 in S-trait patients compared to A patients, not
likely to be attributable to thalassemia. The average
increase is ~0.6 %A2 for hemoglobin variant analysis
by CE.
Longitudinal Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody
Characteristics Using Label-Free Immunoassays
Y.R. Luo,
1
C. Yun,
2
A.H. Wu,
2
K.L. Lynch,
2
I. Chakraborty
3
;
1
Pathology, Stanford University, Palo
Alto, California, UNITED STATES;
2
Laboratory
Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, California, UNITED STATES;
3
Gator Bio,
Palo Alto, California, UNITED STATES
Introduction/Objective: Since the start of the COVID-
19 pandemic, much research has focused on the kinetics
and magnitude of humoral immune response. With the
advantages of monitoring real-time immunoreactions,
label-free immunoassay (LFIA) is becoming a powerful
tool in serology studies. We have developed LFIAs to
measure SARS- CoV-2 antibody avidity and neutraliza-
tion activity in a cohort of COVID-19 patients and deter-
mine if they correlate with antibody concentration. Serial
serum samples collected from mild to severe COVID-19
patients were measured out to 8 months post-symptom
onset to determine the durability of the neutralizing an-
tibody response.
Methods/Case Report: Based on thin-flm interferom-
etry technology, we established a label-free IgG avidity
assay and a label-free surrogate virus neutralization test
(LF-sVNT). For measurement, sensing probes pre-coated
with receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2
spike protein are applied to serum samples containing
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The label-free IgG avidity
assay measures the binding strength between RBD and
IgG under urea dissociation. The LF-sVNT analyzes the
binding ability of RBD to ACE2 after neutralizing RBD
with antibodies.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA): IgG avidity indices
and neutralizing antibody titers (IC50) were deter-
mined from serum samples (n=246) from COVID-19
patients (n=113). IgG concentrations were measured
using a fluorescent immunoassay. The neutralizing
antibody titers showed a weak correlation with IgG
concentrations and no correlation with IgG avidity
indices. Over the time course up to 8 months post-
symptom onset, IgG concentrations and neutralizing
antibody titers presented similar trends: an initial rise,
plateau and then in some cases a gradual decline after
40 days. The IgG avidity indices, in the same cases,
plateaued after the initial rise.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that LFIA could
be used an excellent solution in the determination of
SARS- CoV-2 antibody characteristics. The study found
that IgG concentration and neutralizing antibody titer
declined over time, while IgG avidity index remained con-
stant after reaching a plateau. The decline of antibody
neutralization activity can be attributed to the reduction
in antibody quantity rather than the deterioration of an-
tibody quality, as measured by antibody avidity.
Profciency Testing Performance for Point of Care
Glucose Users in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya
F.M. Mukunya,
1
A.A. Amayo,
1
A. Ongeso,
2
A. Gitau
3
;
1
Clinical Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi,
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