BRIEF REPORT Clinical Infectious Diseases 2276 • CID 2020:71 (15 October) • BRIEF REPORT Received 20 April 2020; editorial decision 7 May 2020; accepted 11 May 2020; published online May 14, 2020. Correspondence: C. Gervasoni, Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy (cristina.gervasoni@unimi.it). Clinical Infectious Diseases ® 2020;71(16):2276–8 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa579 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodefciency Virus With COVID-19 Cristina Gervasoni, 1,2 Paola Meraviglia, 1 Agostino Riva, 1 Andrea Giacomelli, 1 Letizia Oreni, 1 Davide Minisci, 1 Chiara Atzori, 1 Annalisa Ridolfo, 1 and Dario Cattaneo 2,3 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy, 2 Gestione Ambulatoriale Politerapie (GAP) Outpatient Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy, and 3 Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy Little is known about the clinical outcomes of patients with human immunodefciency virus infected with SARS-CoV-2. We describe 47 patients referred to our hospital between 21 February and 16 April 2020 with proven/probable COVID-19, 45 (96%) of whom fully recovered and 2 who died. Keywords. HIV; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; real-life; ob- servational study. As of April 20, the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection had afected 2.5 million people all over the world, and led to more than 165 000 deaths (update available at https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ map.html). Initial information from China and evidence ac- cumulated over recent weeks has allowed the identifcation of some of the risk factors associated with a negative prognosis, including aging, male gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular, lung, and/or kidney diseases [1–4]. However, little is known about the impact of human immu- nodefciency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 because, to the best of our knowledge, only case reports or small case series have so far been published [5–7]. Treated people living with HIV who have a normal CD4 T-cell count and suppressed viral load may not be at increased risk of serious illness, but many also have other conditions that increase their overall risk: almost half of patients with HIV are males, aged more than 50 years, and af- fected by chronic cardiovascular and lung diseases. Te aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clin- ical characteristics and outcomes of patients with HIV with a probable/proven diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection who have been regularly followed up by our hospital. METHODS We searched our database for patients with HIV diagnosed as having probable or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection between 21 February and 16 April 2020. A diagnosis of probable SARS- CoV-2 infection was based on the presence of fever and res- piratory symptoms (cough and dyspnea); epidemiological risk factors, such as relatives or close colleagues with a proven diag- nosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); and/or a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia. Proven SARS-CoV-2 infection required a throat swab positive for viral nucleic acid. We also recorded their main demographic data, pharmacological treatments, and clinical outcomes. Te overall population frequency data were stratifed by gender and expressed as absolute numbers: the other measures are expressed as means ± SDs. Tis retrospective study was conducted using data col- lected for clinical purposes, all of which had been previously made anonymous in accordance with the requirements of the Italian Personal Data Protection Code (Legislative Decree No. 196/2003) and the general authorizations issued by the Italian Data Protection Authority. Ethics committee approval was unnecessary because Italian law states it is only required for prospective clinical trials of medical products for clinical use (Articles 6 and 9 of Legislative Decree No. 211/2003). All of the patients gave their informed consent to the medical procedures used for routine treatment purposes. RESULTS The database of our Department of Infectious Diseases in- cluded nearly 6000 patients with HIV (74% males; mean age, 52 ± 12 years); 90% had less than 20 copies/mL of HIV viral load and 76% had a CD4 cell count of greater than 500 cells/ mm 3 (3% had <200 cells/mm 3 ). During the observation period, 47 patients with HIV with proven or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified. They were mainly males (76%) and had a mean age of 51 ± 11 years. As shown in Table 1, most of the patients showed suppressed HIV viremia and acceptable immune reconstitution (CD4 cell count >350 cells/mm 3 ); 3 pa- tients (all males) had detectable HIV viral loads of 52, 72, and 134 copies/mL. Nearly 64% had at least 1 comorbidity (82% of males and 58% of females), mainly dyslipidemia (32%), arterial hypertension (30%), and hepatitis B or hepatitis C coinfections (11%). Approximately 80% of the identified patients were re- ceiving integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment and