World Journal of Sport Sciences 7 (3): 149-153, 2012
ISSN 2078-4724
© IDOSI Publications, 2012
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjss.2012.7.3.71130
Corresponding Author: Elham Mohammadi, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Tel: +09127769181.
149
Comparison of the Torso Stabilizer Muscles Endurance in
Female Athletes with and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Elham Mohammadi, Reza Rajabi and Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh
Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the torso stabilizer muscles endurance in female athletes
with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Diminished hip strength has been implicated as being
contributory to lower-extremity misalignment and patellofemoral pain but other proximal muscle groups
including the torso stabilizer muscles has not been investigated. Thirty female athletes diagnosed with
patellofemoral pain syndrome (mean age; 21.60±2.75, mean weight; 60.70±8.70 and mean height; 165±.073) and
30 asymptomatic females athletes (mean age; 20.77±2.63, mean weight; 60.53±6.66 and mean height 164±.063)
with history of 3 years participating in volleyball, basketball or handball for all subject, participated in this
study. The protocol established by McGill was used to determine muscle endurance of the torso stabilizer
muscles. The protocol consists of four tests that measure all aspects of the torso via isometric muscle
endurance: trunk flexor test, trunk extensor test (Beiring Sorensen test) and left and right lateral musculature
test (Side bridge test). Data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test in SPSS program and with the
significance level set at P<0.05.The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups
for torso stabilizer muscles endurance (P=.001) and the greatest differences were found in anterior part of the
torso muscle endurance (abdominal muscles). The results indicate that young women with patellofemoral pain
are less likely to demonstrate endurance in torso stabilizer muscles than age-matched control group women who
are not symptomatic. In conclusion, based on this study results, it’s proposed that the torso stabilizer muscles
endurance training would be used for prevention and treatment of Patellofemoral pain syndrome in persons with
similar characteristics of this study samples.
Key words: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome %Female Athletes %Torso Stability %Endurance Muscles
INTRODUCTION Core stability is the product of motor control and
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is anterior knee pain; proposing that the stability of the pelvis and trunk is
the pain is generated by retinaculum, subchondral bone, necessary for all movements of the extremities. The
synovium, or local small nerve endings and muscle [1]. influence of foot mechanics on proximal structures has
Several factors include overuse and overload of the been studied extensively. However, the influence of
patellofemoral joint, biomechanical problems, muscular proximal stability on lower extremity structure and
dysfunction and acute injury contribute to patellofemoral pathology remains largely unknown. There is a clear
pain. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is most relationship between trunk muscle activity and lower
common in athletes with reported incidence rates greater extremity movement. Current evidence suggests that
than 25 % [2]. It has also been reported that females, as decreased core stability may predispose to injury and that
compared with their male counterparts, are significantly appropriate training may reduce injury. Researchers
more likely to experience PFPS Females are at greater risk identified trunk muscle activity before the activity of the
of developing PFPS because of anatomical differences lower extremities, which served to stiffen the spine to
that result in higher Q angles as compared to males [3]. provide a foundation for functional movements [1, 2].
muscular capacity of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex [4]