International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2012, 1(1): 1-6
DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtte.20120101.01
Utilizing Vissim to Evaluate Ramp Metering Performance
Akmal Abdelfatah
1,*
, Ahmed Ramadan
2
, Gamal Darwish
3
1
Civil Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
2
EMAAR,The Economic City, Jeddah, KSA
3
Civil Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Abstract This paper provides an example of using microsimulation tools to examine the impact of using ramp meter-
ing on freeway performance. The well-known software package VISSIM has been utilized in this work to determine the
effect of various parameters, such as volumes to capacity (v/c) ratio, detector location on the freeway, and the green times
on ramp metering performance. The test network for this research is a microsimulation model for apart of Emirates Road,
which is one of the major freeways in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The basic model information was exported
from the Dubai Strategic Planning Model R1000 (using VISUM software) to VISSIM (microsimulation software). The
traffic conditions considered two different downstream conditions (with and without downstream bottleneck). The results
showed that the application of ramp metering has a significant positive effect on freeway performance, when the traffic
volume levels are moderate to high. On the other hand, the ramp metering application showed a slight improvement under
low or very heavy traffic volumes.
Keywords Ramp Metering, Microsimulation, Freeway Management
1. Introduction
Ramp metering has been proven to be one of the effective
freeway management strategies as it can improve freeway
performance. Therefore, many cities in North America and
European countries have applied ramp metering to some of
the major freeways. In some cases, ramp metering may re-
sult in deterioration in the freeway and/or the ramp per-
formance; therefore, it should be applied carefully. None of
the cities in UAE has any freeways that are equipped with
ramp metering. This research provides an initial study on
the level of effectiveness of ramp metering on freeways
inside Dubai, UAE.
2. Literature Review
Ramp metering has several control strategies that were
considered by different researchers. This section provides a
brief description of the control strategy used in this research
(the ALINEA control strategy) and discusses the different
simulation models that have been used to test ramp metering
strategies.
2.1. Alinea Control Strategy
Papageorgiou et. al.[1-3] developed the ALINEA (Asser-
* Corresponding author:
akmal@aus.edu (Akmal Abdelfatah)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijtte
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
vissementLINe´aired'Entre´eAutoroutie) control strategy,
which is one of the most common strategies for ramp me-
tering operations. The ALINEA strategy is activated at each
time interval T, which is usually between 20 to 60 seconds.
At the end of each interval, the ramp flow for the next time
interval is calculated through the measured volume and
occupancy on the downstream of the ramp. The ramp me-
tering flow equation shows that, the value of the ramp flow is
independent of the upstream flow q
in
, which is not explicitly
used in the strategy. Figure 1 shows a schematic representa-
tion of the ALINEA strategy.
As the main goal of ALINEA is to maximize the down-
stream flow q
out
, the set value (desired occupancy) Ô should
be set equal to the critical occupancy (O
cr
), which should be
known before ALINEA can be applied to this end. The O
cr
value can be determined either visually from the a (q
out
;
O
out
)-diagram, but, in that case O
cr
will be a constant value,
or by designing a method for maximizing the freeway flow
q
out
without having to rely on constant pre-specified set
values O
cr
[1- 3].
Figure 1. Illustration of ALINEA strategy[1]
q
out
Q
out
q
in
Q
in
Merge Segment
r(k)= r(k-1) + K
R
[Ô – o
out
(k-1)]