Optik 142 (2017) 412–420 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Optik j o ur nal ho me pa ge: www.elsevier.de/ijleo Original research article Novel improvement glazing depth measurement model for concrete surface treated by CO 2 laser M.S. Salim a,∗ , Thikra Kadhim Ibrahim a , S. Fouad b a School of Laser & Optical Elect. Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq b School of Microelectronics Engineering, University Malaysia, Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 25 February 2017 Received in revised form 3 June 2017 Accepted 6 June 2017 Keywords: Glazing model CO2 laser Concrete Glazing technique a b s t r a c t The accuracy of the existing glazing depth measurement models of concrete surface pro- cessed by CO2 laser are affected by numerous factors, such as sideways conduction and the inhomogeneous substrate of the concrete; in addition to the environment and measure- ment approach used and thus error factor is emerged. The empirical glazing surface of concrete samples using (25–100) watt power CO 2 laser workstation shows inaccuracy of results matching within the existing calculated model results that cannot be ignored even in low laser power supplied. Thus, in this paper, a new empirical glazing model (IDGM) for glazing depth measurement is derived and verified. The validation process of the proposed model for transvers speed (1, 2, and 3 mm/sec) shows that the real time measured values agree with those from the proposed models to within approximately 96%. In addition, it offers the capability to estimate the glazing depth for a wide range of predefined laser power intensity. In addition this model barring costly experimental validation studies, low cost solution and less power consumption. © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction A studying of the realistic occurrences that happen throughout a process of glazing by laser is of a high significant for process modeling. The models subsequent from the energy of heat conduction are exploited to analyze the impact of energy of laser beam and the navigate velocity on the magnitudes of melt pool and the dissemination of the temperature. The impact of CO 2 laser beam on the material surface is fundamentally expressed by a thermal progression by means of, material is glazed by resources of a phase alteration; whichever melting or vaporization process. [1–3,5]. The temperature distribution in semi-infinite work piece during laser surface treatment (glazing) can be described by the heat conduction equation [1,4]. c  ∂T ∂t - ∇ · (K ∇T ) + ∇ · ( Uc  T ) = Q (1) Where, the temperature at (x, y, z, t) and (K) is T, t is the time (sec), K is the thermal conductivity (Wm -1 K -1 ) of material,  is the density of the material (Kg m -3 ), material thermal capacity isc  (JK g -1 m -1 ),U is the velocity of the fluid flow as a reference to (x, y, z) system coordinating stationary with respect to the beam of laser, while the heat source and sinks in the work piece is denoted by Q (W m -3 ). The radiation, conduction and convection are mainly three categories of heat ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: muhsabri1967@yahoo.com (M.S. Salim). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.06.019 0030-4026/© 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.