Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 2023;10(2):218–219
Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals
Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia
Journal homepage: www.ijca.in
Letter to Editor
Guillain – Barre syndrome with no known etiology: Rule out scrub typhus
Deepak Kumar Daunaria
1
, Deepak Singla
1,
*, Tiajem Jamir
1
1
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 08-05-2023
Accepted 09-05-2023
Available online 05-06-2023
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Sir,
We report a case of Guillain – Barre Syndrome (GBS)
in a 48-year-old, male farmer with no known comorbidities.
He presented with a history of fever for ten days, diarrhoea
for eight days, weakness in all four limbs for four days
and heaviness in the chest for two days. He got admitted
to the ICU for inability to walk without aid and poor
cough reflex. The patient was conscious and oriented. He
did not have any eschar nodule, rash, lymphadenopathy, or
hepatosplenomegaly on physical examination. Neurological
examination revealed right facial paralysis, with 2/5 motor
power on the bilateral lower limbs with normal sensations
in all four limbs. The deep tendon reflexes were absent in
lower limbs with negative Babinski’s sign and Hoffman’s
sign. Kernig sign and Brudzinski sign were absent. Baseline
investigations, blood cultures and acute febrile illness
workup were normal. On nerve conduction study slowed
conduction velocity and prolonged distal latencies were
noted. Electrophysiologic studies showed demyelinating
patterns of motor neuropathies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
examination revealed mild pleocytosis (10 cells/mm3) and
increased protein (227 mg/dl). Since blood investigations
and culture reports were normal. We sent work up for
scrub typhus as it was endemic in the area and patient
was a farmer though no eschar was detected. Scrub typhus
rapid antibody test detected scrub typhus IgM antibody
(Figure 1). He was intubated because of the poor cough
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sngladpk@gmail.com (D. Singla).
reflex and decreased respiratory efforts and was started on
antibiotics (Doxycycline and ceftriaxone) for scrub typhus
and intravenous immunoglobulin (400mg/kg/day) for five
consecutive days for GBS. The patient was tracheostomized
because of the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Gradually, his muscle power improved for which he was put
on T-piece and weaned off the ventilator on day 21 of ICU.
Fig. 1: Scrub typhus rapid antibody test report
Scrub Typhus caused by a bacteria called Orientia
tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi).
1
It is a systemic
illness that causes generalized vasculitis in the affected
individuals. Disease is acquired by bite of infected chiggers
(larval mites),
2
especially in rural areas. O. tsutsugamushi
infection is characterized by fever, head ache, body ache,
lymphadenopathy, rash and eschar, though all these features
may not be present in all cases.
2
Severe cases if left
https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2023.046
2394-4781/© 2023 Author(s), Published by Innovative Publication. 218