Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding
Practice among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Hail,
Saudi Arabia
Mashail Basheir Alshammari
1
and Hassan Kasim Haridi
2,3
1
Family & Community Medicine Joint Program, Hail, Saudi Arabia
2
eDesignatedInstitutionalOfficial(DIO)forAcademicAffairs&PostgraduateStudies,HealthAffairs,Najran,SaudiArabia
3
Research Department, Health Affairs, Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoHassanKasimHaridi;hassankasim@hotmail.com
Received 10 August 2020; Revised 14 March 2021; Accepted 17 March 2021; Published 28 March 2021
AcademicEditor:AbdelHalimSalem
Copyright©2021MashailBasheirAlshammariandHassanKasimHaridi.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedunderthe
CreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,provided
theoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Background.eWHOrecommendsthatinfantsshouldbeexclusivelybreastfedforthefirstsixmonthsoflifetoachieveoptimal
growth,development,andhealth.Nonadherencetoexclusivebreastfeeding(EBF)dependslargelyontheindividual,sociocultural
context,andinstitutionalfactors.eaimofthisstudyistoestimatecoverageandfactorsassociatedwithadherencetoEBFamong
mothersintheurbanHailregion,SaudiArabia. Methods.Across-sectionalstudywascarriedoutduringFebruary–June2019
among450mothersofchildrenaged6–24monthsattendingimmunizationandwell-babyclinicsin6primaryhealthcarecenters
in Hail city. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to interview the consented participants. Results. e majority of
mothers(72.9%)wereawareofEBF;24%reportedinitiationofbreastfeedingwithinonehourafterdelivery;however,71.1%did
duringthefirst24hours.emajority(76.8%)fedcolostrumtotheirnewborn;nevertheless,50.1%hadgivenaprelactealfeeding.
MotherswhoreportedEBFpracticewere50.7%(CI45.9–55.4).eadjustedlogisticregressionanalysisrevealedthatmother’s
awareness about EBF (aOR 3.03; 95% CI 1.78–5.18), antenatal care received at the governmental facility (aOR 2.63; 95% CI
1.28–5.41),breastfeedingapreviouschild(aOR2.42;95%CI1.46–4.03),counselingreceivedafterdelivery(aOR2.47;95%CI
1.34–4.53),andcolostrumfeedinggiven(aOR4.24;95%CI2.31–7.77)werepositivelyassociatedwithEBFpractice.Ontheother
hand, mother’s education (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.15–0.99), higher family income (aOR 0.04; 95% CI 0.00–0.31), and practice
prelactealfeeding(aOR0.61;95%CI0.38–0.97)werenegativelyassociatedwithEBFpractice. Conclusion.EBFrateinurbanHail
is still far below WHO recommendations. Efforts to strengthen mothers’ counseling/support during antenatal care and im-
mediately after delivery are needed to promote EBF practice, especially in the private sector.
1. Introduction
Breastfeedingisaninvestmentinhealth,notjustalifestyle
decision. It provides unmatched health benefits for babies
andmothers.Infantswhoarebreastfedhavereducedrisksof
asthma, obesity, Type 1 diabetes, severe lower respiratory
disease, acute otitis media, sudden infant death syndrome,
gastrointestinalinfections,andnecrotizingenterocolitisfor
preterm infants [1, 2]. Studies have shown also an inverse
relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and
infant mortality rates in developing countries [3], so that
WHO described EBF as the single most effective interven-
tion to improve the survival of children [4]. Women who
breastfeedalsohaveareducedriskofhighbloodpressure,
Type2diabetes,ovariancancer,andbreastcancer[1,2].
e WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF)recommendthatchildrenbeexclusivelybreastfed
for the first 6 months of life—meaning no other foods or
liquidsareprovided,includingwater[1].However,theglobal
picture falls short of these standards, as only about 40% of
infantsaged0–6monthsoldareexclusivelybreastfed[5].is
is far below the widely accepted “universal coverage” target
Hindawi
Scientifica
Volume 2021, Article ID 2761213, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2761213