Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2023 Jan 30; 11(A):83-86. 83
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2023 Jan 30; 11(A):83-86.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11502
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: A - Basic Sciences
Section: Medical Informatics
Republished with the permission of WAME
Chatbots, ChatGPT, and Scholarly Manuscripts: WAME
Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to
Scholarly Publications
Chris Zielinski
1
, Margaret Winker
2
* , Rakesh Aggarwal
3
, Lorraine Ferris
4
, Markus Heinemann
5
, Jose Florencio Lapeña
6
,
Sanjay Pai
7
, Edsel Ing
8
, Leslie Citrome
9
1
Vice President, WAME, Centre for Global Health, University of Winchester, UK;
2
Trustee, WAME;
3
President, WAME, Associate
Editor, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Director, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and
Research, Puducherry, India;
4
Trustee, WAME; Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada;
5
Treasurer, WAME; Editor-in-Chief, The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon;
6
Secretary, WAME; Editor, Philippine Journal of
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Professor, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines;
7
Director, WAME; Working
Committee, The National Medical Journal of India;
8
Director, WAME; Section Editor, Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology;
Professor, University of Toronto;
9
Director, WAME; Editor-in-Chief, Current Medical Research and Opinion;Topic Editor for
Psychiatry for Clinical Therapeutics; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College
Abstract
Journals have begun to publish papers, in which chatbots such as ChatGPT are shown as coauthors. The following
WAME recommendations are intended to inform editors and help them develop policies regarding chatbots for their
journals, to help authors understand how use of chatbots might be attributed in their work, and address the need
for all journal editors to have access manuscript screening tools. In this rapidly evolving feld, we expect these
recommendations to evolve as well.
Edited by: Mirko Spiroski
Citation: Zielinski C, Winker M, Aggarwal R, Ferris L,
Heinemann M, Florencio Lapeña J, Pai S, Ing E, Citrome L
for the WAME Board. Chatbots, ChatGPT, and Scholarly
Manuscripts: WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT
and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications. Open
Access Maced J Med Sci. 2023 Jan 30; 11(A):83-86.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11502
Keywords: ChatGPT; Chatbots; Scholarly manuscripts;
WAME recommendations
*Correspondence: Margaret Winker, Trustee, WAME.
E-mail: margaretwinker@gmail.com
Received: 20-Jan-2023
Revised: 26-Jan-2023
Accepted: 28-Jan-2023
Copyright: © 2023 Chris Zielinski, Margaret Winker,
Rakesh Aggarwal, Lorraine Ferris, Markus Heinemann,
Jose Florencio Lapeña, Sanjay Pai, Edsel Ing, Leslie
Citrome
Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial
support
Competing Interests: All of the authors report that they have
no competing interests aside from any affliations as editors
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
A chatbot is a tool “[d]riven by [artifcial
intelligence] (AI), automated rules, natural-language
processing, and machine learning (ML).[to] process
data to deliver responses to requests of all kinds” [1]. AI
“broadly refers to the idea of computers that can learn
and make decisions in a human-like way” [2]. Chatbots
have been used in recent years by many companies,
including those in healthcare, for providing customer
service, routing requests, or gathering information.
ChatGPT is a recently-released chatbot
that “is an example of generative AI, because it can
create something completely new that has never
existed before” [3], in the sense that it can use existing
information organized in new ways. ChatGPT has many
potential uses, including “summarizing long articles, for
example, or producing a frst draft of a presentation
that can then be tweaked” [4]. It may help researchers,
students, and educators generate ideas [5], and even
write essays of a reasonable quality on a particular
topic [6]. Universities are having to revamp how they
teach as a result [7].
ChatGPT has many limitations, as recognized
by its own creators: “ChatGPT sometimes writes
plausible-sounding but incorrect or non-sensical
answers. Ideally, the model would ask clarifying
questions when the user provided an ambiguous
query. Instead, our current models usually guess what
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