Analysis and possible geothermal energy utilization in a municipality of Panonian Basin of Serbia Branka Nakomcic-Smaragdakis n , Tijana Dvornic, Zoran Cepic, Natasa Dragutinovic University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia article info Article history: Received 22 November 2014 Received in revised form 1 December 2015 Accepted 18 December 2015 Available online 27 January 2016 Keywords: Geothermal energy potential Geothermal drills Hydrogeological characteristics Physicochemical characteristics Direct energy utilization abstract Energy goal of Serbia is to reach the share of 27% renewables in its final energy consumption by the year 2020. Geothermal energy is the source that can significantly contribute to the achievement of this goal, particularly in the domain of direct utilization. Indjija municipality is located in the northern part of Serbia and is a typical representative of a region in the Pannonian Basin. In Indjija municipality two exploration boreholes are drilled. Conducted analysis has shown that one of them (Indj-3/H) did not achieve expected results and was labeled as negative. The second (Indj-1/H) was labeled valid for the evaluation of prospective use of geothermal fluid. The results have shown that around 1.25  10 6 m 3 of water can be obtained annually from the second drill. With complete effusion in the drill Indj-1/H, a total of 10.85 GWh can be expected annually. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the geothermal energy potential of Indjija municipality based on two exploratory drill sites. Firstly, geomorphological, geological, geophysical, hydrogeological and hydrothermal characteristics of the area are determined. In addition to this, physicochemical char- acteristics of geothermal and mineral waters, as well as drill's capacity are analyzed. In accordance with the results, possible applications of the geothermal fluid are considered and recommendations for direct use are given. Feasibility study was conducted for a combined multifunctional system. Investment is profitable after 3–5 years depending of the scenarios. It is concluded that balneology, spas, sports and tourism activities, as well as sanitary hot water supply and space heating are the most appropriate forms for direct use. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 941 2. Main characteristics of the exploration area .............................................................................. 942 2.1. Population, road infrastructure, hydrography........................................................................ 942 2.2. Climate ...................................................................................................... 942 2.3. Geomorphological characteristics of the terrain ..................................................................... 942 2.4. Geological, geophysical and hydrogeological characteristics ............................................................ 943 2.4.1. Geological structure in Indjija municipality .................................................................. 944 2.4.2. Geophysical exploration ................................................................................. 944 2.4.3. Hydrogeological and hydrothermal characteristics of the terrain ................................................. 944 3. Physicochemical characteristics and balneological values of geothermal and mineral water on the Territory of Indjija ................... 945 3.1. Physicochemical characteristics of water ........................................................................... 945 3.2. Balneological characteristics of thermo-mineral water ................................................................ 946 4. Geothermal potential of Indjija municipality terrain ........................................................................ 946 4.1. Basic data of hydrothermal drill Indj-1/H........................................................................... 947 4.2. Basic data of hydrothermal drill Indj-3/H........................................................................... 947 4.3. Estimation of geothermal potential on the territory of Indjija municipality................................................ 947 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.337 1364-0321/& 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. n Corresponding author. Tel.: þ381 214852395; fax: þ381 21455672. E-mail addresses: nakomcic@uns.ac.rs (B. Nakomcic-Smaragdakis), tijanas@uns.ac.rs (T. Dvornic), zorancepic@uns.ac.rs (Z. Cepic), n.dragutinovic@uns.ac.rs (N. Dragutinovic). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59 (2016) 940–951