Operationalisation of ecosystem services in support of ecosystem-based marine spatial planning: insights into needs and recommendations Ibon Galparsoro 1* 1,2 , Elena Gissi 3,4 , Fiona Culhane 5 , Jordan Gacutan 1,6 , Jonne Kotta 7 , David Cabana 8 , Sonja Wanke 9 , Robert Aps 7 , Daniel Bazzucchi 10 , Giacomo Cozzolino 11 , Marco Custodio 12,13 , Mihhail Fetissov 7 , Miguel Inácio 14 , Susanna Jernberg 15 , Alessandro Piazzi 11 , Keshav Prasad Paudel 16 , Alex Ziemba 9,17 and Daniel Depellegrin 18,4 Affiliations 1 AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain. 2 Baltic Sea Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission, HELCOM), Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160, Helsinki, Finland. 3 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA 4 CNR - National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, I-30122 Venice, Italy. 5 Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Nicholson Building, Liverpool, L69 GP, United Kingdom. 6 Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia. 7 Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia. 8 UCD, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. 9 Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands. 10 11 Ecolinfa, via del tritone, 15, 00042 Anzio, Roma.