J. DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY 14(1979), 317 337 DEFORMATION THEORY FOR HOLOMORPHIC FOLIATIONS T. DUCHAMP & M. KALKA Introduction In this paper we consider deformations of holomorphic foliations on compact manifolds. By a holomorphic foliation we mean a foliation given by local submersionszyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA f a : ί/ α —> R 2q which patch together via maps φ aβ : R 2q —• R 2q , which are local biholomorphisms when R 2q is identified with C 7 . For ^ a holomoφhic foliation on a manifold M, we show that the infinitesimal deformations of ^ correspond to elements of H ι (M, θ <£), where θ <$ is the sheaf of germs of holomoφhic vector fields on the normal bundle of <$ which are constant on the leaves of < S. For example, if <$ is given by the fibers of a submersion onto a complex manifold, then 9<% is the pull back of the sheaf Θ N of germs of holomoφhic vector fields on the image. By constructing explicitly a resolution of 9% by an elliptic complex (E£ # , d Q ) we show that H 9 (M, 0$) is finite dimensional. Resolutions of the sheaf of sections of the normal bundle of a C °° foliation which are constant on leaves have appeared in the works of Hamilton [4], Heitsch [5], Kamber Tondeur [6], Mostow [9] and Vaisman [15]. Also in the case where M is a complex manifold and the submersions^ are holomoφhic, Heitsch has constructed a resolution of the sheaf θ <$ and shown that its cohomology groups are finite dimensional. Our resolution is different from his and applies to the case where M is only a smooth manifold. Of course the general theory of pseudogroup structures on manifolds developed by Spencer [13] applies to the case of holomoφhic foliations on smooth manifolds. However, the relevant pseudogroup is neither elliptic nor complex; hence the Spencer complex associated to such a foliation does not directly lead to finite dimensionality results and the theory of elliptic complexes does not apply to it. Having constructed a resolution of 9^ we then show how to extend Kuranishi's theorem on the existence of a locally complete finite dimensional holomoφhic family for complex structures close to a given complex structure, Communicated by L. Nirenberg, August 25, 1977, and, in revised form, June 2, 1978.