Citation: Kumar, A.; Meena, R.K.; Raj, R.; Khan, M.I.; Khatib, J.M. CFD Study of Pressure Distribution on Recessed Faces of a Diamond C-Shaped Building. Buildings 2023, 13, 2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings13112800 Academic Editors: Farid Abed and Abedulgader Baktheer Received: 6 October 2023 Revised: 24 October 2023 Accepted: 3 November 2023 Published: 8 November 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). buildings Article CFD Study of Pressure Distribution on Recessed Faces of a Diamond C-Shaped Building Arun Kumar 1 , Rahul Kumar Meena 2 , Ritu Raj 1 , Mohammad Iqbal Khan 3, * and Jamal M. Khatib 4 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India; arunkumar.dtu@gmail.com (A.K.); rituraj@dtu.ac.in (R.R.) 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh 160012, India; rahul.08dtu@gmail.com 3 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia 4 Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; j.m.khatib@wlv.ac.uk * Correspondence: miqbal@ksu.edu.sa Abstract: A building situated in the flow path of the wind is subjected to differential velocity and pressure distribution around the envelope. Wind effects are influenced by and vary for each individual shape of a tall building. Tall building structures are considered as cantilever structures with fixed ends at the ground. Wind velocity acting along the height of the building makes the velocity and pressure distribution more complex; as the height of the building structure increases, wind velocity increases. This study discusses the effect of the wind on an irregular cross-section shape. The present study was conducted numerically with a building model placed in a virtual wind tunnel using the ANSYS (CFX 2020 Academic Version) software tool. Wind effects are investigated on a building model situated in a terrain category-II defined in IS: 875 (Part 3): 2015; wind scale model of 1:100 and turbulence intensity are at 5% and power law index α is considered to be 0.143. The validation and verification of the study were made by comparing pressure coefficients on different faces of a rectangular model of similar floor area and height as that taken for a C-plan dia-mond-shaped model under similar boundary conditions, wind environment, and solver setting of numerical setups. The values of surface pressures generated on the recessed faces of the model and wind flow patterns within the recessed cavity were studied at wind incident angles 0 ◦ , 30 ◦ , 60 ◦ , 105 ◦ , 135 ◦ , and 180 ◦ . The critical suction on all the recessed faces was observed to be at a 105 ◦ angle of wind attack. Keywords: diamond C-shape tall building; wind loads; ANSYS (CFX); pressure coefficients 1. Introduction To fulfil the requirement of housing for all, high-rise building construction has become a necessity, especially in urban and metropolitan cities. It is essential to evaluate the wind impact on such high-rise buildings for the safety of the structure and the comfort of the users. In its most basic form, wind flow consists of a succession of gusts that vary greatly in amplitude and direction. Strong wind may cause discomfort to the users and damage to the structure. Extreme winds such as hurricanes, cyclones, and tornadoes can cause extensive damage to buildings due to the heavy load produced by such winds. The shape and size of the building play an important role in modifying the wind-produced load on the building. As the height of the building increases, the wind load increases, and it becomes the governing design factor for high-rise structure [1]. As such, it is important to study the wind environment on all types of high-rise buildings. When the wind is motionless, normal air pressure acts everywhere around the building surfaces, balancing the load on the building in totality. As the wind gains momentum, pressure differentials manifest across the building’s surfaces. In accordance with Bernoulli’s Buildings 2023, 13, 2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112800 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings